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Philatelic Glossary - P - (P), PH, Photo: auction term that a lot or portion of a lot is photographed. P (in a box): auction abbreviation for plate block. P (number) P: Switzerland inscription. P M: 1: postmaster, postmark. 2: Philatelic Magazine (Great Britain). 3: Posta Militare, Military Stamps overprint on stamps of Italy, used for ordinary usage during stamp shortage, 1944-45. P-Stamps: personalized stamps where an individuals picture is on a postage stamp. P.A.: Protector of Aborigines, South Australia official overprint, 1868-74. P.B.G.: Postes Bureau du Gourvernement (Fr.), Government Post Office, 1793-98. P.C.C.P.: (Cyrillic letters) Russia Socialist Soviet Republic. P.C.G.B.: Philatelic Congress of Great Britain P.D.: 1: and numeral St. Pierre and Miquelon overprint on stamps of French Colonies. 2: (Fr.) Payé à destination see Paid to Destination. P.E. Co.: Pacific Express Co. handstamp, Mokelumne Hill, Calif., 1851. P.G.S.: overprint on stamps of Straits Settlements for Perak Government Service officials. P.K.W.N.: (Pol.) Polskie Komitet Wolnosci Narodowei; Polish National Liberation Committee P.K.Zl.Gr.: Porto Krajowe, Zloty, Groszy (Pol.) inland charge in zloty and groszy, 1810-17. P.L. Teheran: Post Locale Teheran; overprint on stamps of Iran. P.M. Co.: (Portland M. Co.) see Private die match proprietary stamps. P.N.B.: Postal Notes Business; to mark mail with postal notes with sums of less than $5. P.O.1: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. P.O.A.: Post Office Agency P.O.G.: auction abbreviation for Part Original Gum, with 50% or more of the original gum being intact. P.O.S. Local Service: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. P.O.W.: see prisoner of war (mail). P.O.n.N.T.: (Resembles these letters) Russian Company of Navigation and Trade; Ukraine overprint on stamps of Russia, Offices in the Turkish Empire, 1900-10. P.P.: overprint on stamps of France postage due conversion to postage, Offices in Morocco. 1: postal permit marking on prepaid mail. 2: auction abbreviation term for private perforations. 3: penny post. 4: Port Paye; postage paid. 5: abbreviation for Pulled Perforation P.P.C.: (Poste Polonaise Constantinople) Poland overprint, Offices in Constantinople, Turkey. P.P.C.: China overprint on stamps of Wuhu Treaty Port stamps. P.P.R.I.: (Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia): Revoluntionary government of the Republic of Indonesia, 1958. P.R. in R.: (It.) Posta Toscana in Roma, (Tuscany Post in Rome) pre-adhesive postmark. P.R.R.I.: (Indon.) Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia (Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia); various labels, printed in1958. P.S.B.: posted by steamboat, pre-adhesive postmark. P.S.I.: Philatelic Society of India P.S.N.C.: (One letter in each corner of stamp) Pacific Steam Navigation Co., Peru, 1857. P.T.M.: watermark on stamps of Malaya, Nov. 1961. P.U.C.: Postal Union Congress. P.V.A.: Polyvinyl Alcohol gum P.W.: Public Works, South Australia official overprint, 1868-74. P.a D.: paid to destination, pre-adhesive postmark. P.c.p.: progressive color proofs P.g.: auction abbreviation for part gum P/SET: abbreviation for Part Set, incomplete set of an issue P: 1: Scott Catalog number prefix for Newspaper. 2: proof. 3: auction term for Poor quality. 4: international postal code for Portugal. 5: pre-adhesive postmark; Paris (France), Pennsylvania (USA), Philadelphia, (Penn.) Poland, Prague (Bohemia), 6: (With no country name, with value and Queens cameo) Great Britain. 7: with eagle and United States of America: Kentucky Custom House revenue, seal. 8: perforation for Canal Zone on U.S. stamps, perforator was formally a Panama Railroad perforator with rPr modified to a P. 9: Plattendruck: (Ger.) flat plate printing 10: papier (Ger.) paper 11: P, Pt, Pta, Ptas, Pts abbreviations for Peseta(s).12: (Ger.) Pfennig, unit of currency. 13: Pula: currency unit in Botswana 14: Punt: currency unit in Ireland 15: Peso, currency unit in Argentina, Chile, Cuba, Dominican republic, Mexico, Philippines, Uruguay. 16: The Philatelist (Great Britain). 17: (With star and crescent in circle) Straits Settlements, Malaya overprint for Perak. 18: with Arabic between; overprint on British stamps for official. 19: with crescent and star in oval, overprint on Straits for Perak. 20: Police, South Australia official overprint, 1868-74. 21: Colombia-Scadta consular overprint for being sold in Panama, 1921-23. 22. in oval, paid (British, Ger.). 23. Preussen; found on letters from Russia to France, followed by a number which refers to the frontier office, 1830-69. 24. Ashton-Potter prefix used in front of the plate number in its stamp production. 25. in a box, plate block. PA: 1: USPS abbreviation for Pennsylvania. 2: pencil addressed. 3: Postamt (Ger.) post office PAA: Pan American Airways (USA). PAG: auction abbreviation term for Paper Adheres to Gum. PAL: Parcel Air Lift. PAR: international postal code for Paraguay. PB: 1: Perkins Bacon, Ltd. (Stamp Printers, Great Britain). 2: Paris balloon posts. 3: see Plate block. PC Postage: postage purchased and printed using personal computers and the Internet. PC: 1: auction abbreviation for postal card. 2: Postal Card, Post Card. 3: pioneer airpost covers. 4: Passed Censor PCCR: Pacific Confederation of City Republics; cinderella PCE: Used Stamp on Piece PCFT: Pacific Confederation of Federal Territories PCL: see Precancel. PCS Post: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. PE: 1: abbreviation of piastre, early Egypt currency. 2: Canadian postal code for Prince Edward Island. 3. Colombia-Scadta consular overprint for Peru. PEH: Phillip E. Hardie, BEP employees initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher, Siderographer. PER: international postal code for Peru. PF: 1: Philatelic Foundation (New York) 2: (Fr.) port payé jusquà la frontière paid to the frontier. 3: pfenning. 4: Germany overprint, Offices in China. 5: Estonia overprint on stamps of Russia, German Occupation. 6: Philatelic Foundation (certificate). PH: 1: USPS abbreviation in address for penthouse. 2: Photo, Photocopy. PHJ: Postal History Journal (USA). PHQ: Postal Headquarters cards reproducing commemorative and special issues, made by the British Post Office since 1973. PI: 1:auction abbreviation for perforated initial(s). 2: (With Arabic writing) overprint on stamps of Turkey for Thrace. 3: auction abbreviation for poorly inked PIP: Partial Impression of Plate No. (on U.S.A. Plate No. Blocks) PJGB: Philatelic Journal of Great Britain. PK: international postal code for Pakistan. PL # BLK: Plate Number Block. PL&R: Postal Laws and Regulations, U.S. PL: 1: abbreviation for plate 2: auction abbreviation for political (topic).3: precedes the European postal code on addresses in Poland, such as PL-00391, Warsaw. PLR: Philatelic Literature Review (USA). PMC: purple machine cancel. PMCC: Post Mark Collectors Club. PMG: abbreviation for Postmaster General. PMOG: Pencil Mark On Gum. PMR: see Transnistrian Moldavian Republic. PMS: Pantone Matching System used by the USPS since 1987 to assign stamp color specifications; however, the color may vary depending if the stamps were printed by offset or intaglio presses. PN: Scott Catalog number prefix for U.S. Postal Note. PNC3: Plate Number Coil Collectors Club. PNC: 1) A plate number coil stamp; 2) A philatelic-numismatic combination: a cover bearing a stamp and containing a coin, medal or token. In the latter, the coin and stamp are usually related. Often the cover is canceled on the first day of use of the coin. PNC: 1: philatelic numismatic combination, a stamped envelope, card or mounting device created to commemorate an event; numismatic may be a stamp coin, medal, token or encased stamp. 2: see Plate number coil. PNG: Papua New Guinea PNS: plate numbered strip, see Plate strip. PNT: Plate No. Trimmed PNTA: Pakistan National Tuberculosis Association. PO: 1: auction abbreviation for polar (topic). 2: abbreviation for post office. 3: Post Office, South Australia official overprint, 1868-74. POCCIR: (Cyrillic) Russia, South Russia. POD: Post Office Department, predecessor of the USPS; also known as USPOD. POFIS: Philatelic Office of the Slovak Post. POL: (Ger.) Polizei; perforated initials on stamps of Germany used as Police Officials. POR: Price On Request. POS(H)TA: overprint on fiscal stamps of Tannu Tuva for postage. POSS: Possessions (USA). POUNC: Post Office Users National Council, Great Britain. PPC: abbreviation for Picture Post Card. PPCL1: Princess Patricias Canadian Light Infantry; battle group that was part of the Canadian mission in Kosovo. PPD: topical association abbreviation for prepaid (no value in indicia). PPI: see Postage Paid Impression. PPM: Pencil Mark(s) in Margin(s) on complete stamp sheets. PR: 1: USPS abbreviation for Puerto Rico. 2: auction abbreviation for precancel. 3: pair. 4: prices realized. 5: (It.) Posta da Roma (mail for Rome) pre-adhesive postmark. 6. Scott Catalog number prefix for Newspaper Tax (Hungary) Newspaper (U.S.). PRC: Peoples Republic of China (mainland China). PRS: Postal Regulating Station, or Section, wartime postal facility. PS/5: plate (number) strip of 5 coil stamps with the plate number on the center stamp. PS: 1: Colombia, (Script letters) Cauca. 2: Postal stationery. 3: Scott Catalog number prefix for Postal Savings. 4: see Plate strip. 5. Monogram overprint on Native Feudatory States of India issued for reprint of remainder stamps. 6. Private Secretary, South Australia officialoverprint, 1868-74. 7. intertwined as a monogram, Colombia, Cauca Department. Perforation Shift. 8. postal stationery; a philatelic discipline recognized for FIP exhibitions. PS/3: plate (number) strip of 3 coil stamps with the plate number on the center stamp. PSA: pressure sensitive adhesive (self-adhesive). PSE: 1: Pre-Stamped Envelope. 2: Postal Stationery Entire PSE: Professional Stamp Expertiser. PSMK: abbreviation for postmark. PSRE: Postal Stationery Registered Envelope. PSS: PreCancel Stamp Society, Inc.PSS: PreCancel Stamp Society, Inc. PSa: Postal Stationery. PT: 1: postal tax. 2: Pataca, currency unit in Macao. PTA: Post und Telekom Austria AG: (Ger.) Post and Telephone Company of Austria. PTS: 1: Philatelic Traders Society (England). 2: pesetas, Spanish unit of currency. 3: Potosi (Bolivia) pre-adhesive postmark. 4: Postal Transportation Service, formerly the Railroad Mail Service. PTT: abbreviation for post, telephone and telegraph. PUASP: Postal Union of the Americas, Spain and Portugal PUS: Indonesia Postage Due. PVI: postal validation imprint, computer generated postage. PW: 1: USPS abbreviation for Palau. 2: Printers waste. PYAS: currency unit in Burma. PYB: Finland, Russia, South Russia. PYCCHION: (Resembles these letters) Russia overprint for Offices in Turkey (Wrangel Issue). PYCCKAR nOYTA: (Resembles these letters) Latvia overprint on stamps of Russia, Russian Occupation (prepared but never used). Pa: 1: Padova (Italy), Pennsylvania (USA) pre-adhesive postmark. 2: para, currency unit in Turkey and Eastern Europe Paanga: currency unit in Tonga. Paar: (Dut., Ger.) two of a kind; stamps that have not been separated, pair. Pabay: Great Britain local post carriage label, Priest Island, Scotland,1962. Pabellon Postal: (Sp.) postal sorting room; on postmarks of Alicante used at the Madrid (M.Z.A.) railway station. Pacchi postali: (It.) inscription; 1: parcel post, postal package; Italy. 2: (With Sul Bolletti no Sull Ricevuta) Italy. 3: (With Bolleta Ricevuta) San Marino. 4: (With star and crescent) Somalia. Pacco: (It.) package. Pacem in Terris: (Latin) Peace on Earth inscription on 1964 stamp of Canada. Pachuca: district in Mexico, overprint, 1856-1883. Pacific 97: international stamp exhibition held in San Francisco, 1997. Pacific Express Co.: private mail and parcel delivery firm serviced area west of the Mississippi River; used corner card, complimentary franks and passes, labels, and a variety of stamps; 1879-1911. Pacific Mail Express Co.: Phantom post; bears California city Pacific Mutual Telegraph Company: U. S. telegraph stamps issued for use on own firms telegrams, 1883. Pacific Postal Telegraph-Cable Company: U. S. telegraph stamps issued for use on own firms telegrams, 1886. Pacific Stage and Express Co.: private firm serviced area between San Francisco and Sacramento, Calif., used a label, 1860-64. Pacific Steam Navigation Company: stamps, donated to Peru for trial of prepayment of postage, Dec. 1,1857-March 1958; see Pacific mailboats. Pacific Union Express Co.: private parcel delivery firm operated by the Central Pacific Railroad in California and Nevada; used labels, 1869-69. Pacific mailboats: 1864: French line Messageries Maritimes operated in the Indian Ocean, 1867, Jan.1: Pacific Mail Steam Navigation Company (PMSNC) made first voyage from San Francisco to Hong Kong via Hawaii, following ship cancels have been recorded: America, Arizona, China, Great Republic, Henry Chauncey, Japan, Ocean Queen, Rising Star, Constitution, Golden City, Montana, Sacramento, Alaska, Colorado, Costa Rica, and Oregonian. 1868: became Ligne T extended to Australia and New Caledonia, 1868: PMSNC established 10¢ rate between USA and Hong Kong; extended service to Japan and Shanghai, 1877: Oriental and Oceanic Steamship Co. started alternate service competing with PMSNC, 1886: Bremens Norddeutscher Lloyd added service to Australia, Singapore and China, 1892: Canadian Pacific Railway started service Vancouver to Hong Kong, 1893: Australia link closed due to being unprofitable, 1900: Norddeutsche Lloyd extended to Japan, 1901: Jaluit Company began service to Marshall Islands from Australia, 1914: French and German line service ended with outbreak of war, 1920: French line Transpacific service reopened, 1940: French line service stopped due to war. Pack and Send: A pilot retail service offered at selected post offices that allows customers to bring in any mailable item to have it securely packaged and, if they wish, mailed. Package Service: USPS mail service, formerly known as Fourth Class. Package box mail: marking applied to letters dropped into a New York street box marked for parcels only. Packenmarke: inscription 4-kopeck for parcel stamp, Wenden-Livonia, Russia 1863. Packet Forgery: a reproduction of genuine stamp that is intended to fool beginning stamp collectors. Packet Letter: A letter carried by a ship operating on a regular schedule and carrying mail by contract with a government or a post office. Packet boat: a passenger boat carrying mail and cargo on a regular schedule. Packet cancel: a postmark applied to mail carried in ships maintained by a government. Packet letter: mail carried by a ship under contract by a post office to carry mail, started 1840s. Packet postage: that portion of the rate used to pay the ship that carried the item. Packet-Brief-Verkehr: city of Cologne, Germany, local post, 1886-1900. Packet-ship letter: mail arriving in port without any cancel or mark of origin. Packet: 1) A pre-sorted unit of all different stamps, a common and economical way to begin a general collection; 2) a ship operating on a regular schedule and contracted by a government or post office to carry mail. Packet: 1: an assortment of stamps made up in an envelope or package form. 2: fast mailboat on a stated schedule. 3: term used for booklets circulated by exchange clubs. Packhoi, Pakhoi: treaty port in Kwantung province, China; overprint on stamps of Indo-China, French offices in China, 1903-22. Padding: commercial mailers term for adding names to a mailing list to compensate for undeliverable mail; see bounce-back. Padelany: (Czech.) false. Padelky: (Czech.) forgery. Padroes de Grande Guerra: Comrades of the Great War overprint on stamps of Portugal for postal tax. Paese: (It.) country. Pagamento alla consegna: (It.) cash on delivery (C.O.D.). Pagaralam: local overprint for district in Palembang, Sumatra, 1942-45. Page & Co.s Express: private parcel delivery firm serviced Boston and Gloucester, Mass., used labels; 1875. Page & Keyes City Letter Express: S. Allan Taylor label. Page & Saville Express: parcel delivery firm serviced Boston and Gloucester, Mass., used labels; 1882-88. Page de carnet: (Fr.) booklet pane; uncut block of stamps especially printed and cut for use in booklets. Pagina del Libretto: (It.) booklet pane; uncut block of stamps especially printed and cut for use in booklets. Pagina do Livreto: (Port.) booklet pane; uncut block of stamps especially printed and cut for use in booklets. Paginacion del cuadernillo: (Sp.) booklet pane; uncut block of stamps especially printed and cut for use in booklets. Pago contra reemolso: (Sp.) cash on delivery, C.O.D. Pago deficiente: (Sp.) insufficiently stamped. Pahang: on east coast of Malay Peninsula; Malaysian state - south east Asia; 1889, Jan.: No.1, 2¢ rose, first stamps “Pahang” overprint on stamps of Straits Settlements, 1890: definitives issued, 1900: stamps of Federated Malay States used, 1935, Dec. 2: name Pahang inscribed on stamps; 1942: issued under Japanese occupation, Japanese characters and “Dai Nippon 2602 Malaya” Japanese Postal Service 1942 Malaya) overprint; 1948, Dec. 1: first stamp issued, 1950, June 1: stamps of Pehang have the word “Malaya” as the English-language inscription, 1957: stamps of Malayan Federation and stamps of Pahang used, 1963, Sep.: became part of the Federation of Malaysia, 1965, Nov. 15: used designs of Johore, inscribed Pahang, stamps of Malaysia; see Pulau. Paid Permits: Oct. 1, 1904; a system for mailing identical pieces in quantity without stamps. Paid Reply Postal Cards: two postal cards that are attached to each other; one for sending a message, the other is for the recipient to detach for the reply. Paid all: 1: July 22, 1868; handstamp applied to letters between the North German Postal Union and the U.S. to indicate prepaid mail matter and office of origin. 2: pre-1891, UPU treaty between U.S. and British Australian colonies specified use of straight line marking on front of the cover. Paid postmark: a postmark indicating prepayment of postage in cash, and not in postage stamps. Paid to destination: prior to postal agreements between countries, the total postage on a piece of mail from one country to another was made up of two parts, revenue to the country of origin and the other to the country of destination. If partially unpaid, the balance would be collected as postage due from addressee Paid to lines: 1840-60; handstamp on letters from Canada to the U.S. indicating correct prepayment. Paid: indicating regular postage has been prepaid by the sender. Paidstempel: (Ger.) cancel for paid Paiement contre remboursement: (Fr.) cash on delivery (C.O.D.) Paine & Cobbs Express: parcel delivery firm serviced Boston and Campbello, Mass.; used a label; year unknown. Paines Express: parcel delivery firm serviced Boston and Marblehead; used labels; 1891 Paines Package Delivery: parcel delivery firm serviced an unknown area; used a label; year unknown. Painted cachet: hand drawn or hand made cachet to which hand painting of any nature has been applied. Paio: (It.) two of a kind; stamps that have not been separated, pair. Pair of full stamps with interpane gutter between: stamps printed in large formats and then incorrectly cut into panes; considered an error. Pair: 1: two of a kind; stamps that have not been separated, two attached stamps. 2: paar: (Ger.); paire (Fr.); coppia, paio (It.); pareja (Sp.) 3: two se-tenant postage stamps; understood to be se-tenant horizontally Pair: Two unseparated stamps. Paire: (Fr.) two of a kind; stamps that have not been separated, two attached stamps.. Paisa, Paise: currency unit in Abu Dhabi, Afghanistan, Ajman, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Paisley Penny Post: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Paita: city and province in Peru; overprint on stamps of Peru for provisional issue of town during occupation by Chile, 1884. Paket: (Ger., Swed.) parcel Paketaufgabezettel: (Ger.) a two piece label, with larger part affixed to the parcel, smaller part affixed to accompanying letter, used by the Prussian post office in 1854. Paketmarken: (Ger., Swed.) parcel post stamps. Paketpost: (Ger.) parcel post. Pakhoi: city in province of Kwangtung, China; 1877: became a treaty port, 1902, Feb.1: post office opened, 1903, Apr.-, Indo-Chinese post office, stamps of Indo-China overprinted “Packhoi” or “Pack-Hoi” for use at a French post office, with denomination shown in Chinese characters; now named Pei Hai 1922, Dec. 31: post office closed; see China; Indo-China, French Offices. Pakistan: southern, central Asia; official name of postal administration: Pakistan Post Office currency: 12 pies = 1 anna, 16 annas = 1 rupee, 100 paisa =1 rupee (1961) 1947-pre: used stamps of India, 1947, Aug. 15: Pakistan formed into Dominions of India and Pakistan, 1947, Oct. 1: No.1, 3 pence slate, stamps of India overprinted “Pakistan,” stamps of India without this overprint were not accepted for mail, 1947, Nov. 10: joined the U.P.U., 1947, Dec. 1: Pakistan issued its own stamps. 1947: official stamps of India, overprinted “Pakistan,” 1948: first definitives, 1948, Aug. 14: regular issue overprinted “Service” making them Officials, 1956, Mar. 23: became a republic, 1962: first air mail stamp, 1971, Dec.: East Pakistan became Bangladesh. Pakistansk: (Dan., Nor., Swed.) Pakistani (adj.). Pakisztán: (Hung.) Pakistan. Pakke(r): (Dan., Nor.) package(s). Pakkeporto: inscription on Parcel post stamps of the Royal Greenland Trading Company, 1905-38. Pakkepost: (Den., Nor.) parcel post. Pakkepostmærke: (Dan.) parcel post stamp. Palacio de Communicaciones: inscription on Colombia and Cuba for postal tax. Palatinate: region of Germany west of the River Rhine, 1947-49: part of the French Zone of Occupation inscribed Rhineland-Pfalz; see Rhineland Pfalz. Palau: western Pacific Ocean, aka Pelew Islands, former U.S. Trust Territory, 1983 currency: 100 cents = 1 U.S. dollar 1899, Oct. 1: first stamps under Caroline Islands, 1901: regular mail service started by Jaluit Company, (see Pacific Mail Steamboats) 1914-45: Japanese stamps used, see Pacific Mail Steamboats. 1945: American stamps used, U.S. carried mail to and from the island, 1947: part of the U.S. Trust Territory of the Pacific, 1983, Mar.10: No.1, 20¢ multicolor, first stamp, 1984, June 12: first air mail issue, 1986, Jan. 10: became a federation as a Sovereign State in Compact of Free Association with the U.S., 1988, Aug. 8: first semipostal stamp. Palazöld: (Hung.) slate-green (color). Palembang: local overprint in Sumatra, Japanese Occupation 1942-45. Palencia: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican, Nationalist, 1937. Palestine: southeast corner of the Mediterranean Sea, currency: 10 milliemes = 1 piaster, 1,000 milliemes = 1 Egyptian pound, 1,000 mils = 1 Palestine pound (1928), 100 fils = 1 Jordanian dinar. 1840s: weekly Turkish courier service between Beirut and Jerusalem, 1863-1917: stamps of Turkey used, 1918, Feb.10: No.1, 1 piaster deep blue, first stamps of Palestine with inscription E.E.F. (Egyptian Expeditionary Forces) issue for British military occupation of Palestine, stamps also valid in Lebanon, Syria, Transjordan, parts of Cilicia, 1920, Sept. 1: civil British administration overprinted “Palestine” in Hebrew, Arabic and English, 1921: “Palestine” overprinted on E.E.F. British stamps, 1923: mandated to Great Britain, first postage due stamp, 1922, July 22: Great Britain ran mandated area until May 14, 1948, 1927: first definitives, 1948, Dec. 2-Apr. 24, 1950: Jordan occupation, overprint “Palestine” in English and Arabic on stamps of Jordan, 1948, May-June 6, 1967: Egyptian occupation, overprint “Palestine” on stamps of Egypt, 1948, May 14: British terminated the mandate, Jewish National Fund issued local provisional stamps, 1967, June 6: stamps of Israel. Palestinian Authority: part of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, currency: 1,000 fils = 5 Israeli shekels, 1,000 fils = 1 Jordanian dinar (1998) 1994: No.1, 5 mils multicolor, first stamp, 1994, Aug. 15: first official stamp, could also be used by the general public, 1994, Oct. 7: first semipostal. Palid: (Rom.) pale (as referencing the color of a postage stamp). Palimpsest: papers originally printed on for some other purpose before being used for postage stamps, such as the early stamps of Latvia printed on the backs of German military maps; commonly used where part of a design was erased to install a new value or inscription. Palm stamps: common design featuring palm trees for colonies in French West Africa, 1906. Palma de Mallorca: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican, 1936. Palmenstempel: (Ger.) palm marking on German field post mail during WW II, used by the German Afrika Corps. Palmer, Frederick N.: 1845-48; postmaster, Brattleboro, Vt., issued Postmasters Provisional stamp. Palmerston Garage: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Paludismo: (Sp.) malaria on 1947 Mosquito Tax stamp must be affixed to all letters in addition to regular postage. Palästina: (Ger., Swed.) Palestine Pamiut: now named Frederikshaab, Greenland Pamphlets & Newspaper: British revenue stamps for use in America, 1765-66. Pamplona: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican,1936-37. Pan-Am inverts: U.S. postage stamps issued for the 1901 Pan-American Exposition, on sale from May 1 through Oct. 31, 1901; the 1¢, 2¢ and 4¢ stamps were printed with inverted centers. Pan-American Exposition: poster stamp advertising areas thought to be part of the Pan-American organization. Pan-American Postal Union: 1890; agreement made by countries in North and South America, except Canada and the European colonies, to charge domestic rates of postage for mail to other countries in the Union. Panad: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Panagra: Pan American-Grace Airways, overprint on various stamps of South American countries. Panalpina Ltd.: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Panama Canal Int-Ocean: inscription on label supposedly sold, 1880s, for mail on ships going through the canal. Panama Canal Zone: overprint on stamps of Panama. Panama Köztársaság: (Hung.) Republic of Panama. Panama: links North and Central America to South America; currency: 100 centavos = 1 peso, 100 centesimos = 1 balboa (1904) 1859-1903: former Department of Republic of Colombia, 1863-84: British stamps used on overseas mail from Panama City, 1870-81: British stamps used on overseas mail from Colon, 1878: No.1, 5 centavos gray green, first issues for Panama along with those of “Estados Unidos de Colombia,” 1887: Colombia issues for use in the Department of Panama, 1903, Nov. 3: Panama declared its independence; 1903, Nov. 16: first stamp issue, “Republica de Panama” provisionals issued in Colon, Bocas del Toro and Panama City, 1904, June 11: Canal Zone had its own stamps, joined the U.P.U., 1905, Feb. 4: first inscription “Republica de Panama,” 1915: first postage due stamp, 1921, Feb.: U.S. forces intervene in clash with Costa Rica, 1929, Feb. 8: first air mail stamp, special delivery issue overprinted “Correo Aereo,” 1941: first semipostal stamp; see A.R. Colon Colombia. Pandemonia: spoof stamps created for 1936 stamp exhibition. Pane: 1: stamps as sold by the post office; usually a commemorative pane consists of 50 stamps; four panes of 50 stamps make up a sheet of stamps as printed; more recently panes consist of 20 stamps. 2:Grupe (Ger.) Panneau (Fr.) Gruppo (It.) Grupo (Sp.) 3: page of booklet postage stamps Pane: The unit into which a full sheet is divided before sale at post offices. The sheets that one normally sees at post offices are panes. Most United States full sheets are divided into four regular panes or many more booklet panes before they are shipped to post offices. Paneless: used to describe a sheet of stamps in a single group without division into panes. Panneau: (Fr.) pane (of stamps). Pantograph: a engraving instrument used to reproduce an enlarged, reduced or exact size plane figure. Pantone Color System: a standardized system of blended colors, each with their own Pantone Matching System (PMS) number. Panzacola: (Sp.) Pensacola, postal marking used in 1787. Pao Tzu Ku: Bandit Post local, China, 1923 Paositra Malagasy: inscription on illegal issue, reported to the UPU Sept. 24, 2001, by the postal administration of Madascar; not valid for postage. Papal States: located in central Italy; made up of Rome and surrounding area, provinces of Romagna and the Marches and Umbria; 1870-pre: governed by the see of Rome, 1852, Jan.1: issued their own stamps as Papal States, 1859: Romagna separated and joined Sardinia, to become Kingdom of Italy, 1870: became part of the Kingdom of Italy; see Roman States. Papel Delmeina: (Sp.) paper, invented by a Belgian engineer, made in Spain and used for Civil War postal tax and charity issues; paper has a clear white color while the stamp back has a chalky appearance caused by the adhesive material. Papel Sellado: (Sp.) security paper watermark, 1872. Papel avitelado: (Sp.) wove paper. Papel con filametos: (Sp.) granite paper. Papel estucado: (Sp.) chalky paper; stamp paper which has a coating of chalk or clay on the surface. Papel giz-aplainado: (Port.) chalk paper; stamp paper which has a coating of chalk or clay on the surface. Papel tiza: (Sp.) chalky paper. Papel verjurado: (Sp.) laid paper. Papel: (Sp.) paper. Paper Fabrique Company: U.S. private die playing card stamp. Paper crease: aka crease, crease that developed during the printing process. Paper curl: usually caused by paper being coated on one side which causes the sheet of gummed paper, especially in dry heat and atmosphere, to roll itself in a cylinder form. Paper fault: visible paper irregularity prior to stamp printing Paper fold: aka fold, a corner becomes folded over either the front or the back during the stamps production, but after the printing process and before being perforated. Paper-makers watermark: watermark appearing as initials, design, device or name of the manufacturer of the paper. Paper: see various papers under name or type of paper; 1: since most stamps are printed on paper, faults in the paper are sought by collectors as freaks or oddities, in some cases, the type of paper is important in the identification of some stamps. 2: first used as writing material by the Chinese, 2nd century BC. 3: papier (Dut., Fr., Ger.); carta (It.); papel (Sp.) Papermark: original term for a watermark. Papier couché: (Fr.) chalky paper; stamp paper which has a coating of chalk or clay on the surface. Papier mélangé de fils de soie: (Fr.) granite paper. Papier uni: (Fr.) wove paper. Papier vergé: (Fr.) laid paper. Papier: (Fr., Ger.) paper. Papillons: (Fr.) 1: slip of paper bearing messages carried by balloon out of Metz during the Franco-Prussian War, 1870-71; known as Papillons de Metz. 2: butterfly (topic). Papir, Almindeligt: (Dan., Nor.) ordinary paper. Papir, Batonne: (Dan., Nor.) batonne paper. Papir, Bily: (Czech.) white paper. Papir, Blånet: (Dan.) blued paper. Papir, Cigaret: (Dan.) cigarette paper. Papir, Fluoriserende: (Dan.) fluorescent paper. Papir, Fosforiserende: (Dan., Nor.) phosphorescent paper. Papir, Fotografisk: (Dan.) photographic paper. Papir, Gennemfarvet: (Dan.) paper colored throughout. Papir, Getontes: (Dan.) tinted paper. Papir, Glans: (Dan., Nor.) surface-glazed paper. Papir, Granit: (Dan.) granite paper. Papir, Hladky: (Czech.) plain paper, smooth paper. Papir, Hvit: (Nor.) white paper. Papir, Håndgjort: (Dan.) handmade paper. Papir, Hårdt: (Dan.) hard paper. Papir, Karton: (Dan.) carton paper, thick paper. Papir, Kartong: (Nor.) carton paper. Papir, Krideret: (Dan.) chalky paper, coated paper. Papir, Kridt: (Dan.) chalky paper, coated paper. Papir, Krídovy: (Czech.) chalky paper. Papir, Leskly: (Czech.) shiny paper, glazed paper. Papir, Linieret: (Dan., Nor.) paper ruled by vertical, horizontal, or cross-hatched lines. Papir, Maskin: (Dan., Nor.) machine-made paper. Papir, Obycejny: (Czech.) ordinary paper. Papir, Pergamenovy: (Czech.) parchment paper. Papir, Pruhovany: (Czech.) laid paper, striped paper. Papir, Pøros: (Nor.) porous paper. Papir, Riflet: (Dan.) ribbed paper. Papir, Sigarett: (Nor.) cigarette paper. Papir, Silketråd: (Dan., Nor.) paper imbedded with a silk thread.. Papir, Stribet: (Dan.) laid paper. Papir, Stripet: (Nor.) laid paper. Papir, Tenky: (Czech.) thin paper. Papir, Tlusty: (Czech.) thick paper. Papir, Tykk: (Nor.) thick paper. Papir, Tykt: (Dan.) thick paper. Papir, Tyndt: (Dan.) thin paper. Papir, Tynn: (Nor.) thin paper. Papir, Vanlig: (Nor.) customary paper. Papir, Velin: (Dan.) wove paper. Papir, Weiches: (Dan.) soft paper. Papir, Weiss: (Dan.) white paper. Papir, s Prusvitkou: (Czech.) paper with a watermark. Papir: (Czech., Dan., Hung., Nor.) paper. Papirfold: (Dan., Nor.) paper crease. Papouasie Nouvelle Guinee: (Fr.) Papua New Guinea. Papua eastern part of New Guinea Papper, Bestruket: (Swed.) coated paper. Papper, Blåaktig: (Swed.) bluish paper. Papper, Efterglättat: (Swed.) re-calendered paper. Papper, Fluorescerande: (Swed.) fluorescent paper. Papper, Fosforescerande: (Swed.) phosphorescent paper. Papper, Färgat: (Swed.) colored paper. Papper, Gråakt: (Swed.) greyish paper. Papper, Grönakt: (Swed.) greenish paper. Papper, Gulakt: (Swed.) yellowish paper. Papper, Handgjort: (Swed.) handmade paper. Papper, Kartong: (Swed.) carton paper. Papper, Krit: (Swed.) chalky paper. Papper, Luminiscerande: (Swed.) luminescent paper. Papper, Maskingjort: (Swed.) machine-made paper. Papper, Medeltjockt: (Swed.) medium-thick paper. Papper, Mjukt: (Swed.) soft paper. Papper, Randigt: (Swed.) laid paper. Papper, Räfflat: (Swed.) ribbed paper. Papper, Rödakt: (Swed.) reddish paper. Papper, Tunt: (Swed.) thin paper (up to 0.06 mm thickness). Papper, Vanligt: (Swed.) ordinary paper. Papperstyper: (Swed.) paper types. Papua (New Guinea): divided between a Dutch in the western half and the eastern half divided between German colonies in the north, and British colonies in the south; currency: 12 pence = 1 shilling, 20 shillings = 1 pound, 100 cents = 1 dollar (1966), 100 toea = 1 kina (1975) 1880s: German New Guinea Company issued prepaid parcel post cards for use between its colonies in the area, 1883: Queensland annexed southwestern part of island, 1884-pre: Dutch area administered as part of Dutch East Indies until Indonesia became independent in 1949, 1884: British Protectorate, named British New Guinea, 1888, Feb.: German New Guinea opened post offices using German stamps, 1897: stamps of Germany overprinted “Deutsch-Neu-Guinea,” 1898-1901: stamps of Queensland and British New Guinea used, 1901, Jan.1: German stamps in the Imperial Hohenzollern yacht design issued for area inscribed “Deutsch-Neuguinea,” 1901, July 1: No.1, ½ penny yellow green, first stamps as British New Guinea, 1905: administration transferred to Australia, renamed Papua, 1906, Nov. 8: No.1, ½ penny yellow green, Papua as overprint on stamps of British New Guinea 1914, Oct. British troops occupied German area, overprinted stamps “G.R.I.” with a surcharge in British currency, 1915: Mar.: overprinted German colonial stamps replaced by Australian stamps overprinted “O.S.”(Official Stamps) and “North West Pacific Islands,” 1925: Territory of New Guinea created, issued first stamps, 1929: first air mail stamp, 1931: first official stamp, 1942: Japanese invasion of New Guinea, Papua stamps withdrawn, 1945-46: used stamps of Australia, 1949: Indonesia became independent, Dutch New Guinea had separate stamps, 1949: administration of Papua and New Guinea unified, 1952: Oct. 30: first stamps as Australian Trust Territory, 1952: Papua and (&) New Guinea stamps issued 1960: first postage due stamp, overprinted / inscribed “Postal Charges,” 1962, Oct.: stamps of Dutch New Guinea overprinted UNTEA; 1963, May 1: stamps of Indonesia overprinted “Irian Barat” or “I.B.” as administrator of the area; Irian is the Indonesian name for Papua, 1971, June 1: stamps of Indonesia used in the western half of Papua, 1972: name changed to Papua New Guinea, 1973, Dec. 5: first stamp as self-governing territory, 1975, Sept. 10: No.1, 7 toea red & multi, first stamp as independent country, 1976, June 4: joined the U.P.U.; see New Guinea, British; German New Guinea. Papua Merdeka: organization for Free Papua Movement Papua New Guinea: see Papua. Papyrus: a paper-like substance made from thin sections of a reed that had been pressed together, used by Egyptians 3000 BC. Papíron: (Hung.) (on) paper. Paquebot (Paq.): (Fr.) 1: (packet boat) steamer, mail boat. 2: cancellation on a parcel or letter indicating that the article was mailed aboard a ship where there is no official post office aboard; they are delivered to a post office port of call where they enter the mail, first used in 1894. 3: pacchibot (It.); paketboot (Dut.); paquete (Port.); paquetboat (Amer.). Paquebot: Cancellation indicating an item was mailed aboard a ship. Paquete Postal: (Sp.) parcel post Paquete postal: (Sp.) parcel post. Paquete: (Port.) paquebot Par Avion: (Fr.) By Airplane, international term for airmail. Par Avion: French for mail transported by air. Par Balloon Monté: (Fr.) by piloted balloon, postal marking used on balloon mail from Paris when under siege during the Franco-Prussian War, 1870-71. Par Exprès Dépêches: (Fr.) express mail, expedited delivery. Par LEtat: (Fr.) By the State; overprint on Belgium 1912 issues; Railway Parcel validation from a private line (le Compagnie du Nord Belge) to the State-owned rail system. Par Poste Aerienne: inscription for Via Air Mail on etiquettes of Switzerland. Par: 1: (Dan., Nor., Port., Sp., Swed.) pair. 2: Paris (France), Parma (Italy) pre-adhesive postmark. 3.(Dan.) pair. Para Censurar en Destino: (Sp.) to be censored at destination. Para os Pobres: For the Poor, Portugal and Azores, postal tax stamps, 1915. Para, Pare: currency in Serbia and occupied states, commonly known as Yugoslavia. Para: 1: numerals spelled out in French for Turkey. 2: currency unit in Austria, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Romania, Russia- all Offices in Turkey, Turkey, Egypt, Montenegro, Turkey. Para: 1: surcharge of stamps of Great Britain for Turkish Empire, 1885-1921. 2: overprint on Britain, France, Romania, Russia Italy for Offices in Turkey. 3: inscription with an Arabic design or Sphinx and Pyramids for Egypt. 4. numerals spelled out in French for Turkey. 5. currency units in Austria, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Romania, Rusasia-all Offices in Turkey, Turkey, Egypt, Montenegro, Servia and occupied states, commonly known as Yugoslavia, Turkey. 6. when written in Serbian Cyrillic resembles “Napa”; letter “P” is written by two vertical lines and a horizontal stroke on top of them; the letters “ara” are written “apa” in Cyrillic. Parachute mail: form of air mail whereby mail is delivered by free-fall parachute from an airplane; usually where a plane can not land; zeppelin mails were usually dropped by parachute, either prior to landing to expedite mail transmission, or over an air field to avoid the delay and expense of a landing. Paraguay: South America, bordered by Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil; currency: 10 reales = 100 centavos = 1 peso, 100 centimos = 1 guarani (1944) 1868: bogus stamp by S. Allan Taylor, 1865-70: unofficial reprints used by Argentine forces occupying Hamaita during war, 1870, Aug.1: No.1, 1 real rose, first stamp, 1881, July 1: joined the U.P.U., 1886, Aug. 20: first official stamp issued, 1904: first postage due stamp issued, 1922: “campana” overprint sold by Postal Agents for use in rural districts, 1929, Jan. 1: first air mail stamp issued, 1930, July 22: first semipostal issued; see Ayuda al Ecuador. Paraitre: (Fr.) to be issued. Parale: currency in Romania to 1868 Paralysis of the Arm: floor bidder whereby the participant never lowers the bidding paddle during the entire calling of the bidding increments; also known Statue of Liberty. Paraph(e): a complicated flourish that dips back and under the signature; used as an overprint on some of the early issues of Puerto Rico. Paraphilatelic: post office announcements of a new stamp, first day of issue ceremony programs, souvenir pages, etc. Parauta: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist, 1937. Parbold Private Mail: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Parcel Express: parcel delivery firm serviced New York City; used a label and stamps; 1891-92. Parcel Post Corporation: parcel delivery firm serviced Boston, Mass., used a stamp; 1899. Parcel Post Stamps: Special stamps for payment of parcel post fees. Parcel Post: colis-postaux (Fr.); paketpost (Ger.); pacchi postali (It.); paquet postal (Sp.) Parcel Return Services: USPS program that offers merchants a method of retrieving items that their customers want to return. Parcel airlift (PAL): a service that provides air transportation for parcels on a space-available basis to or from military post offices outside the contiguous 48 states. Parcel cards: postal patrons filled out the parcel card at the sending post office; one section retained by the post office, other section delivered to the recipient to pick up the parcel at the post office. Parcel marking: some post offices have used a different parcel post handstamp than one used for letters. Parcel post postage due stamps: stamp issued to pay unpaid parcel post fees. Parcel post stamps: stamp issued to prepay parcel post fees; U.S. issued such stamps in 1913. Parcel post tax: a tax applied in the U.S. in 1917 on all mail sent by parcel post with postage exceeding 25¢ ; the tax was levied at the rate of 1¢ for each 25¢ above the first 25¢, which was paid by affixing a revenue stamp along with the postage. Parcel post: 1: 1912; mail classification for specific purpose of mailing parcels; USPS renamed to Package Services as of Jan. 7, 2001. 2: Paketpost (Ger.) Colis-Posteaux (Fr.) Servizio Pacchi Postali (It.) Paquete Postal (Sp.) Parcel stamps, US: government package service started 1912. Parcel stamps, government: Belgium, inscribed Chemins de Fer; Belgian state railways, May 1879. Parcel stamps, private: Great Britain, postage prepayment on packages used by private freight firms, 1821; railway companies were next to use this type stamp, 1846. Parchment paper: hard, tough paper which is also glossy and transparent. Pardoes da Grand Guerra: (Port.) Comrades of the Great War, Portugal and Azores, postal tax due stamps. Pardoes da Grand Guerra: inscription on Portugal and Azores for postal tax. Pareja sin Dentar en Medio: (Sp.) pair imperforate between. Pareja: (Sp.) pair. Pareja: (Sp.) two of a kind; stamps that have not been separated. Parfait: (Fr.) perfect, no flaws. Paris 1937: with no colony name, France Paris International Exposition: common design on stamps of the French Community of Nations, 1937. Paris Postal Conference: forerunner: see General Postal Union, Universal Postal Union. Paris prints: term for early Greek issues, identifying stamps printed locally and in Paris, 1861. Paris: 1: local provisional, France, 1944 2: local post, lAgencie Lorin, 1871 3: local post, Moreaus Post, 1871 Park City Match Co.: see Private die match proprietary stamps. Parker Post Worcester: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Parkers Express Company: parcel delivery firm serviced Mid-western states; used labels, 1865? Parm: Parma, Italian States, 1852-55. Parma: provinces of Parma, Piacenza. Northern Italy,1545; currency: 100 centesimi = 1 lira 1545: Italian state established, 1852, June 1: No.1, 5 centesimi black on yellow, imperforate stamps issued for Duchy of Parma, 1853: newspaper tax stamps issued, 1859, Aug.: provisional government; stamps of Sardinia used, 1860, March 18: became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia, 1862: became part of the Kingdom of Italy. Parmensi: Parma. Parník: (Czech.) steamship, steamboat, steamer. Paro, Paro Obrero: (Sp.) unemployment, used on postal tax stamps of the Spanish Civil War period. Part original gum: a stamp with noticeable gum missing. Part perforated: a stamp that is not perforated on any one or more of the sides; these stamps usually come from sheets where some of the perforating lines have been omitted. Part time dealer: a dealer whose primary income is from another job. Part-Perforate: A stamp imperforate on one or more sides, but with at least one side perforated. Parti: 1. (Fr.) left, moved away. 2. (Dan.) lot (of stamps). Partial original gum: unused with some original gum. Partial perfs: stamps that are perforated in one direction only, vertically or horizontally; collected in multiples. Partially separated perfs: when a number of perforations are detached between two or more multiple stamps. Particular: overprint on official stamps of Nicaragua to validate for ordinary use. Partida: (Sp.) parcel, lot, collection. Partido em Dois: (Port.) bisected; stamp cut in half which is valid for postage at half the face value of the original stamp. Partido en dos: (Sp.) bisected; stamp cut in half that is valid for postage at half the face value of the original stamp. Pasadena Electric Express: parcel delivery firm operated via electric trolleys, serviced Pasadena, Calif.; used a label; year unknown. Pasco: department in Peru, local provisional overprint on stamps of Peru due to stamp shortage, during occupation by Chile, 1884. Pasillo: (Sp.) gutter Pasing paper: silk thread paper made at Beck Mills, Pasing, Bavaria between 1849 and 1868. Pass: auction term meaning that a lot is unsold because the final bid did not reach the Hidden Reserve. Passeports: (Fr.) passports. Pasta: Donald Evans issue, Italy; see Evans, Donald Paste up: the juncture where the ends of rolls of coiled stamps are pasted together to make a continuous roll. Paste-Up Pair: A pair of coil stamps which shows the joint where two sheets were pasted together. Paste-Up: The area where the ends of rolls of coiled stamps are joined with glue or tape. Paste-up pair: a pair of coil stamps where one stamp overlaps the other stamp. Pastrana: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican,1937. Pata: (Rom.) blemish, blot, spot. Pataca: currency unit in Macao and Timor. Patacconi: (It.) rubbish, nickname given to Second Exhibition of Colonial Art stamps from Somalia, 1934. Patch insert: design insert placed in the space prepared for it in the indicia corner of U.S. stamped envelopes; first issued in 1989 for the shuttle hologram. Originally used because holograms could not be printed easily on the envelope; last used in 1996 for the Save Our Environment issue. Patent cancel: devices that permanently defaced the stamp to prevent fraudulent reuse. Paterna del Campo: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist, 1937. Patiala: India Convention State, central Punjab; 1884: No.1, 1/2 anna green, first stamps with Patiala (Puttialla) overprint valid throughout Indian Empire, 1884: first official stamps issued, 1950, Apr.1: Republic of India stamps used, 1950, Dec. 31: convention states stamps no longer valid, 1951, Jan.1: overprint on stamps of British India for use to any point in British India. Patmo(s): Dodecanese island, Aegean Sea 1912-pre: used stamps of Turkey, 1912: No.1, 2 centesimi orange brown, overprint “Patmos ” on stamps of Italy, 1916: first stamps without overprints, 1920: Turkey ceded group to Italy, 1922: overprint changed to “Patmo,” 1943, Sep.: became part of Greece, 1943: reoccupied by German forces, 1945: liberated by Allied forces, 1945, June 18: stamps of Britain overprinted “M.E.F.” (Middle East Forces), when islands transferred to Greece, 1947, Mar. 22: British post offices closed, stamps of Greece overprinted “S.D.D.” (Dodecanese Military Occupation), 1974-summer: stamps of Greece used. Patricia Airways & Exploration Co.: local post, Canada 1926-28. Patriot Challenge: board game that uses 300 different U.S. stamps. Patriotbrev: (Swed.) patriotic cover. Patrioti Valle Bormida: (It.) overprint/inscription; see C.L.N. Patriotic Fund: inscription on stamps of Queensland for semi-postal. Patriotic cover: envelope decorated with pictures or slogans of a patriotic nature such as those used during wartime. Patru: (Hung.) four (number). Patrusprezece: (Hung.) fourteen (number). Patruzeci: (Hung.) forty (number). Patte (denveloppe): (Fr.) flap (of an envelope.). Patterson, D. C.: oval handstamps for Boise and Salt Lake City Express, 1863. Patzcuaro: city in Mexico, inscription as provisional local issue, bogus. Pauldings Express: parcel delivery firm serviced Boston and New Bedford, Mass., used labels; year unknown. Pava: (It.) Pavia, Italy, pre-adhesive postmark. Pavlovograd: local post, Russian Zemstvo, 1869-84. Paxos: stamps of Greece with Italian overprint for island of Paxos is fraudulent. Paye: (Fr.) paid. Pays de Galles: (Fr.) Wales. Pays-Bas: (Fr.) Holland, the Netherlands. Pays: (Fr.) country. Paz y Justicia: Peace and Justice inscription on stamps of Paraguay. País: (Port., Sp.) country. Países bajos: (Sp.) lower countries, Netherlands, Holland. Peace Paque Mir: inscription on stamps of the U.N. Interim Administration in Kosovo, issued March 14, 2000. Peace and Commerce: design of French stamps issued in 1876 that depict theseated figures of peace and Commerce, engraved by E.L.Mouchon, designed by J.A. Sage; aka the Sage type. Peace and Navigation: used for French overseas possessions from1892;engraved by E.L.Mouchon; aka the Tablet Peace issues: British Commonwealth countries issues to commemorate the end of the 1939-45 war. Peace: common design on stamps of the British Commonwealth of Nations, 1945. Peacock: royal emblem of Burma used as overprint on stamps of Burma during Japanese occupation of Burma, 1942. Peak (P): part of the serpentine die cut that protrudes from the side of a stamp; it alternates with a corresponding valley or inward curve, to form a serpentine shape; peak and valley are abbreviated as P and V. Peal de Becerro: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican,1937. Pearls: a circle, with or without semi-circular shading inside. Pearls: motive on stamps showing circles, with or without shading. Pears Soap: first advertisement on stamps by Great Britain in 1881. Peary Land: North Pole Post issue, cinderella Pechino: overprint on stamps of Italy for Peking, Italian post office in China, 1918-19; aka Pei-Ching. Pechinofor: use at Italian post office, see China, Italian Post Offices. Peck & Co.: local delivery service, Newark, N.J.,1856. Peck: Clarrie Peck Postmark Catalogue. Pecliv Tarzitkujte: Philatelic handling label for careful canceling and handling of mail, supplied by postal authority, Czechoslovakia. Pedone: (It.) foot messenger. Peel-and-stick: self-adhesive stamps. Peelable Label: A self-stick label that can be easily removed from a cover without leaving adhesive or blemish. Peelable label: an address label that can be removed from a cover. Pegar: (Sp.) to mount stamps on a sheet. Pegasus Postal Service: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Pegau: city in Germany, local post, Courier, 1893 Pego: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican,1937. Pei-Mu-Chen: local post, Southwest China, 1950 Peking: (Beijing) District, now named Beijing; 1917, Sep.-Dec. 31, 1922, Treaty Port, stamps of Italy overprinted Peladita: (Sp.) small thin spot. Pelita: overprint on Netherlands Indies for semi-postal, 1948. Pelones: (Sp.) nickname for the baby head Alfonso XIII stamps of 1889. Peltonen: specialized catalogue of Finland, Aland and Estonia. Pelure Paper: A strong, thin paper occasionally used in stamp printing. Pelure paper is translucent and resembles a slightly dark, thin onion-skin paper. Pelure paper: a strong thin semi-transparent paper that looks like a slightly dark onion-skin paper. Pembina Twins: nickname for pair of Canadian 7 1/2d. stamps of 1857 postmarked at Pembina, North Dakota in Nov. 1858; off cover and separated, re-united with consent of owners. Pembroke & Tennby Railway: Wales railway local post. Pen address: an address on a cover made by using a pen, whether ink, felt tip, etc. Pen cancel: usage of a pen or felt tip marker to cancel or deface a stamp Pen cancellation: cancellation marking on a stamp that has been appliedwith a pen and ink, usually done by a carrier prior to delivery of mail that has not been previously canceled.; 1847 regulations state, the stamps must be canceled by making a cross (X) with a pen. Pen-Canceled: Stamps canceled with a pen rather than a handstamp or machine cancel. Many early stamps were routinely canceled by pen. A pen cancel may also indicate that a stamp was used as a fiscal. Pen: Penni, currency unit in Finland Penalty For Private Use $300: government business mail, to be sent by government officials without postage prepayment; see Penalty Envelope. Penalty envelope: 1: term applied to stamps and stationery for use on official correspondence with warning Penalty for Private Use $300. 2: penalty envelope term originated from government regulation penalty for unlawful use of such envelopes (Official). Penang: island off west side of Malay Peninsula; Malaya; 1854-67: stamps of India used, 1867: stamps of Straits Settlements used, 1942: issued under Japanese occupation; “Dai Nippon 2602 Penang” (Japanese Postal Service 1942) and Japanese characters in oval circle, 1945: stamps of B.M.A. Malaysia, 1948, Dec.1: No.1, 10¢ purple, “Malaya Penang” inscription, 1965, Nov. 15: used designs of Johore, inscribed Pulau Pinang, on stamps of Malaya; see Pulau Pinang. Penaranda de Bracamonte: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist, 1937. Penarroya-Puebloneuvo: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist, 1936-38. Penarrubia: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist, 1937. Pence Issue covers: nickname given to first issues of Canada, issued from 1851 to 1859. Pence: currency unit in many countries. Pencil address: an address made on a cover with a pencil; also known as manuscript address. Pendiente de Censura: (Sp.) pending censorship on arrival. Peng-Ki: local post, Southwest China, 1949 Pengebrev: (Dan.) registered letter with banknote enclosures. Pengo: currency unit in Hungary Peninsula: (Sp.) refers to the Iberian Peninsula; the mainland of Spain and Portugal. Penitentiary philately: stamp clubs inside prisons. Penmark: defacing a stamp by pen for other than postal purposes; such as fiscal use, receipts, documents, etc. Penn Match Co. Limited: see Private die match proprietary stamps. Penn post: mail route operated by Henry Waldy, July 1763 from Philadelphia to New Castle to the Falls of Delaware. Penni: currency unit in Estonia, Finland and North Ingermanland. Pennsylvania: 1: first federal issue revenue of US, July 1, 1798-Feb. 28, 1801. 2: supervisors seal revenue, March 2, 1799. Penny Black: The black 1-penny British stamp issued May 6, 1840, bearing the portrait of Queen Victoria. It is the worlds first adhesive postage stamp issued for the prepayment of postage. Penny Black: nickname for the worlds first adhesive postage stamp, 1-penny black Queen Victoria stamp, issued in Great Britain on May 6,1840. Penny Blue: blue trial sheets of Great Britains 1d stamp, Dec. 1840, so that Rowland Hill could make a shading decision for the 2d forthcoming stamp. Penny Express Co.: U. S. local post, western U. S.; 1866. Penny Lilac: nickname for the 1d Great Britain issue printed in various shades of lilac and purple, 1881-1902. Penny Post Paid: 1: postmark by Dockwra; see Dockwras Post. 2: label, Boston. Penny Post, London: 1801, became Twopenny Post when rates doubled overnight. Penny Post: 1: B. Franklin, as postmaster of Philadelphia started the penny post; letters which were not called for on the day the post arrived, were sent the next day by a postman for local delivery, who was paid one penny. 2: William Dockwra initiated this service in London in 1680, spread to Dublin in 1773 and Edinburgh in 1774. 3: 1848-51, Boston, Mass.; see Carriers Stamps. Penny Postage Jubilee Card: made by De La Rue Co. to mark the 50th anniversary of the Penny post in 1890. Penny Red: term for the one penny red Queen Victoria stamps of 1864, successor of the Penny Black. Penny magenta: unique stamp from British Guiana, the 1856 1 penny. Penny-in-the-slot perforation: nickname for automatic vending machine perforation in New Zealand 1905-06. Penny: currency unit in Britain and British Commonwealth Pennycabs Postal Deliv.: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Penobscot River Express: private mail and parcel delivery firm serviced Boston, Mass. and towns in Maine; used labels, 1868. Penoe: error for Pence on 2d Mauritius. Penrhyn (Island): aka Northern Cook Islands, aka Tongareva; currency: 12 pence = 1 shilling, 100 cents = 1 dollar (1973) 1901, June 11: annexed to New Zealand, 1902: No.1, ½ penny green, overprint / surcharge on stamps of New Zealand “Penhyrn Island,” 1920: stamps inscribed “Penrhyn,” 1932, Mar. 15:stamps of Cook Island used for Aitutaki, Rarotonga and Penrhyn, 1973, Nov. 14: first stamps, “Penhyrn Northern” overprinted on stamps of Cook Islands, includes Manihiki, Nassau, Palmerstown, Pukapuka, Rakahanga and Suwarrow, 1974: inscribed “Penrhyn Northern Cook Islands,” 1978, Apr. 17: first semipostal stamps, 1978, Nov.14: official stamps O.H.M.S. overprint on stamps of Penhyrn; see New Zealand. 1983: error inscription, “Northern Cook Islans.” Pensa.F.: Pensacola (florida) pre-adhesive postmark. Pensacola, Fla. Paid 5: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Pentru Sinistrati: (Rom.) For Disasters, Romanian charity label. Penza: local post, Russian Zemstvo, 1901-14 Peoples Art: labels designed to simulate stamps. Peoples Democratic Republic of Benin: new name of Dahomey as of Nov. 30, 1975; first stamps issued Dec. 8, 1975. Peoples Democratic Republic of Southern Yemen: overprint on stamps of South Arabia, 1968. Peoples Democratic Republic of Yemen: Yemen. Peoples Dispatch Company: parcel delivery firm serviced Washington, D.C. to Boston, Mass., used a label; year unknown. Peoples Express Co.: mail delivery firm serviced central Calif., Orange, N.J., and New York City; used a label; 1903. Peoples Express Company: parcel delivery firm serviced Boston, and areas of Mass., used a label; year unknown. Peoples Express: parcel delivery firm serviced Orange, N.J. and New York City; used a label; year unknown. Peoples League: stamps for the Peoples League for the Defence of Freedom; an emergency mail service during strike by British Post office employees in Jan.1962, and again in July 1964. Peoples Line Steamboat Express: parcel delivery firm serviced New York City in conjunction with steamboats; used a label; year unknown. Peoples Republic of Southern Yemen: see Yemen, Peoples Democratic Republic of. Pepys Island: figment of imagination to honor author. Per Lugpos: (Afrikaans) inscription on air mail etiquettes for South and,South West Africa. Per Pacchi: overprint on stamps of Vatican City for parcel post. Per Vliegtuig: Belgium, airmails. Perak: west coast of Malay Peninsula; Malaya, Malaysia; 1878-pre: stamps of Straits Settlements used, overseas mail used until 1895, 1878: first stamp, “P” overprint with a circle containing crescent and star on stamps of Straits Settlements, later issues overprinted “Perak” 1878: No.1, 2¢ brown, first stamp, 1889: first official stamp, 1890: first official stamp, “P.G.S.” (Perak Government Service) overprint, 1892: Perak inscribed on stamp, 1900-35: stamps of Federated Malay States used, 1935, Dec. 2: name Perak / Malaya used on stamps; 1942-45: Japanese occupation stamps, “Dai Nippon 2062 Malaya” (Japanese Postal Service 1942 Malaya) and “Dai Nippon Yubin” overprints, stamps of Straits Settlements overprinted “P.G.S.” Perak Government Service, for official use, 1950: “Malaysia” inscription, 1963, Oct. 26: although part of Malaysia, it issued its own stamps, 1957: stamps of Malayan federation used with those of Perak, 1965, Nov. 15: used designs of Johore, inscribed Perak, stamps of Malaysia. Percevoir: (Fr.) inscription on French area postage due labels Percussion à Froid: (Fr.) cold pressing used at the Paris Mint for making the printing plates for stamps of France and Greece. Percé en Arc: (Fr.) form of perforation characterized by curved cuts; see Arc roulette. Percé en Lignes Obliques: (Fr.) oblique roulette. Percé en Lignes de Couleur: (Fr.) rouletted in color. Percé en Lignes: (Fr.) line roulette. Percé en Losanges: (Fr.) lozenge, diamond roulette. Percé en Points: (Fr.) pin perforation. Percé en Scie: (Fr.) saw tooth roulette. Percé en Serpentin: (Fr.) serpentine roulette. Percé: (Fr.) perforated, rouletted Pereche orizontala: (Rom.) horizontal pair. Pereche verticala: (Rom.) vertical pair. Pereche, perechi: (Rom.) pair. Perechi nedantelate orizontal: (Rom.) pair imperforate horizontally (vertical imperforate pair). Perechi nedantelate vertical: (Rom.) pair imperforate vertically (horizontal imperforate pair). Pereslaf: local post, Russian Zemstvo, 1874-81 Pereyaslaf: local post, Russian Zemstvo, 1871-1915 Perf: see perforated or perforations. Perfecting: the printing of text or images on the back of a stamp; either above or below the gum; the best known example is the printing on the backs of duck stamps. Perfecto: (Sp.) perfect, no flaws. Perfins: Stamps punched with perforated initials or designs of holes that stand for letters, numbers or symbols. Perfins are normally used by a business or government office to discourage pilferage or misuse of stamps by employees. Perfins may be either privately or officially produced. Perfins: perforated initials; private or official perforated initials or designs punched into stamps to prevent misuse of stamps; these are known in Great Britain as Spifs. Perforacion Combinada: (Sp.) compound perforation. Perforacion: (Sp.) perforation. Perforado, Dentado: (Sp.) perforated. Perforated horizontally: stamps with perforations on top and bottom only. Perforated initials: usually a private nature, but sometimes applied officially; such as O.S. applied by the Australian Colonies and the Sudan. Perforated margin copy stamps: a normal blank selvage is attached, but some countries have printed designs or information on the selvage, which are collectible. Perforated vertically: stamps with perforations on the side only. Perforated: see perforation Perforation Gauge: A scale printed or designed on metal, plastic or cardboard to measure the number of perf holes or teeth within two centimeters. Perforation Number: The number of perforations found in a space of 2 centimeters. Perforation combs: printing equipment used in the process of producing stamps that makes the separation holes in stamp paper. Perforation disc indent: a depression in a stamp caused by a punched paper disc from a perforation hole. Perforation error: stamps, designed for perforating, that entirely lack perforations in one or more die cuts. Perforation gauge: an instrument designed to measure the number of perf. holes or teeth within a two centimeter length. Perforation guide: plate marking printed a sheet to help registrations during the printing process. Perforation shift: may remove a portion of the design from a finished stamp, usually on a row of stamps at the edge of the stamp pane. Perforation: rows of holes punched into the stamp paper between rows of stamps to permit easy separation of the stamps; perf 11 x 13 means that the top and bottom are perforated 11 and both sides 13. Perforations (Perf.): lines of small holes placed around stamps to provide an easier means of separation. Perforations intended to separate panes are shifted within a pane: caused by a major paper fold before perforating; considered an error. Perforations of the wrong gauge: due to improper repair to the imperforating equipment, considered an error. Perforations: Lines of small holes or cuts between rows of stamps that make them easy to separate. Perforato a zig-zag: (It.) zig-zag roulette. Perforazione: (It.) perforation. Perforera: (Swed.) perforate. Perforere: (Dan. Nor.) perforate. Perforering - Ark: (Dan.) harrow perforation, see Arktakning. Perforering - Kam: (Dan.) comb perforation, see Kamtakning. Perforering - Linie: (Dan.) line perforation, see Linietakning Perforering: (Dan., Swed.) perforation. Perfumed: marking on mail that has been fumigated so that the letter will not be a carrier of disease. Perfumeria: (Sp.) perfumes, used on revenues. Pergamentpapier: (Ger.) parchment paper Pergamynbriefumschlag: (Ger.) glassine envelope. Pergo et perago: I undertake and I achieve on stamps of North Borneo. Periana: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist, 1937. Periciado: (Sp.) see Expertised. Perim Island: off coast of Aden; 1854, Oct.1 -: used stamps of Aden, 1937, Mar. 31: Aden made a crown colony, 1965, Mar. 31; all Aden stamps withdrawn, became Yemen Republic Periodicals: consists of magazines, newspapers and other publications, published at least four times a year. Periodicals: as defined by the USPS, consists of magazines, newspapers and other publications, published at least four times a year, formerly called second-class mail. Periodico: (Sp.) periodical, newspaper Peritación: (Sp.) the work and study involved to become an expert for authenticity and conservation of philatelic material. Periziata: (It.) see Expertized. Perkins Express: parcel delivery firm serviced Boston, Bridgewater and Exeter, Mass., used labels; 1875-76. Perkins paper: an azure safety paper invented by Dr. Perkins and used on the 1855-56 Great Britain issues. Perl, Dr. M. & Co.: U.S. private die medicine proprietary stamp. Perleberg: city in Germany, local post, 1945-47. Perlis: west coast of Malay Peninsula; 1909-pre: used stamps of Siam, 1909: Britain took control from Thailand, used stamps of Federated Malay States, 1912: used stamps of Kedah to 1948, 1942: Japan permitted Thailand to control area, 1943, Oct. 19: ceded to Thailand by Japan, area named Syburi by Thais, 1945, Sept.: Britain regained control, used B.M.A. Malaya stamps, 1948, Dec.1: No.1, 10¢ purple, first stamps inscribed “Malaya Perlis,” see Malaya, 1951, Mar. 26: first stamps for Perlis, 1957: stamps of Malayan Federation were used along with those of Perlis, 1963: see Malaysia, 1965, Nov. 15: used designs of Johore, inscribed Perlis, stamps of Malaysia. Perm: local post, Russian Zemstvo, 1872-1920 Permanent paper: paper manufactured to meet standard requirements; such papers are alkaline and very durable. Permis Militaires: military travel permits; French Colonies revenue inscription Permis de Chasse: (Fr.) hunting licenses; French Colonies revenue inscription Permit mail: U.S. term for third and fourth class bulk printed matter mail with markings indicating prepayment of postage. Permit: Procedure used by businesses or post offices that imprints mailers assigned permit number and an indication of the prepaid postage on each piece of mail. This eliminates the need to affix and cancel stamps on large mailings. The machine counts the postage used and is read periodically for accounting. Permit: a permit is actually a license number that is printed in the upper right hand corner of the mailing piece; many large firms use this method of mailing in order to eliminate the need for affixing and canceling stamps on large mailings. Perna: (Fin.) local post via steamship, Finland 1890s. Pernau: overprint on stamps of Russia for German occupation of Estonia. Pernay: city in France, local provisional, 1944 Perot Postmasters Provisional: Hamiltons postmaster William Bennett Perot issued the first provisional stamps in Bermuda, 1848-1861. Perou: (Fr.) Peru. Perper: currency unit in Montenegro. Perro: (It.) dog (thematic). Perrys Express: parcel delivery firm serviced Newtonville, Mass., used a stamp; year unknown. Persan: (Rom) Persian (Iranian) (adj.). Persane(s): Iran (Persia). Perse: with A Percevoir Iran, unissued postage due. Persekutuan Tanah Melayu: inscription on Federation of Malaya stamps, 1950s; see Malaya, Federation, of.. Persia: (Empire); 1935: officially named Iran; see Iran, Bushire, British Occupation. Persian Empire: originated the oldest postal relay service in the world, 539 BC. Persian Gulf Agencies: group of British postal agencies on the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman; Indian and British stamps used, usually with special overprint, in these locations. Persian Rug: nickname for the 1871 U.S. $500 Internal Revenue stamp; received its name from its intricately engraved artwork, resembling a Persian rug. Persien: (Dan., Ger.) Persia Persiensk: (Dan.) Persian (Iranian). Persisk: (Dan., Nor., Swed.) Persian (Iranian) (adj.). Personajes: (Sp.) personalities, refers to sets depicting Spanish celebrities in1931 and after. Personal delivery stamps: Czechoslovakia, (1937, 1946), and Bohemia and Moravia (1939) prepayment of an additional fee for mail to be personally delivered to the recipient. Personalized Stamps: stamps with labels attached that are customized by artwork or a personal photograph printed on the label; Australia Post introduced the concept in 1999. Personnages illustres: (Fr.) celebrities, famous people Peru: west coast of South America; official name of postal administration: Ministerio de Transportes, Comunicaciones, Vivienda y Construcción currency: 8 reales = 1 peso (1857), 100 centimos = 8 dineros = 4 pesetas = 1 peso (1858), 100 centavos = 1 sol (1874), 100 centimos = 1 inti (1985),100 centimos = 1 sol (1991) 1857, Dec.1: No.1, 1 real blue, first stamps supplied by the Pacific Steam Navigation Co. as an adhesive stamp trial, 1858, Mar.1: first regular stamps, 1871, Apr.: a stamp depicting a railway engine on the 20th anniversary of the first South American Railway is generally considered the world’s first commemorative stamp, 1874: first postage due stamp, 1879, April 1: joined the U.P.U. 1879, Apr. 5-Oct. 11, 1883: areas of Ancachs, Chachapoyas, Chala, Chiclayo, Huacho, Paita, Pasco, Piura and Yca, issued postage stamps due to stamp shortage caused by the Chilean occupation of Lima and Callao during a war between Chile and Peru. 1890, Feb. 2: first official stamp, 1927, Dec.10: first air mail stamp with “Servicio Aereo” overprint, 1966, Aug.16: first semipostal stamp, see A Certa , Ancachs, Ayachucho. Peruana: Peru Peruánsky: (Czech.) Peruvian. Perv-Aereo: Peru, air mails. Perçue: (Fr.) tax collected, postage prepaid. Pesa: currency unit overprint on stamps of Germany for use in German East Africa. Peseta(s): 1: (coat of arms) Peru; (no coat of arms) Spain. 2: currency unit in several Spanish-language countries. Pesewa: currency in Ghana Peso: currency unit in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Philippines, and Uruguay Petards: fireworks; French Colonies revenue inscription. Peters Express: parcel delivery firm serviced cities in Mass., used a label; year unknown. Petersburg, Va.: occupied by British May 20, 1781 until Dec. 1781. Petersburg, Virginia, 5: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals Petersfield & District: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Petersons Express: private mail delivery firm serviced California; used a label, 1862 Petersport: Antarctic fantasy issue. Petes Post: private post operator in New Zealand who uses own postage stamps. Peticion de Devolucion: (Sp.) request for return of a postal item that has not reached its destination and can be recalled by the sender subject to certain conditions. Petit St. Vincent: St. Vincent Grenadines island, stamps first issued 1970s. Petite Post: town post; see Villayer, Renuard. Petite feuille: (Fr.) miniature sheet. Petlura: city in Ukraine Peoples Republic, local post, 1919 Petrel: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican, 1937. Petrofilia: country created in 1977 for Fun and Fact Calendar by Erbe Publications. Petrozavodsk: 1. local post, Russian Zemstvo, 1901-16. 2. local overprint, Karelia, 1993 Peutinger Tables: oldest know postal map, 4th century AD Pezzo di Lusso: (It.) condition of complete excellence. Pfenning: currency unit in Allenstein, Germany, Hanover, Prussia, Saxony, Wurttemburg. Pforzheim: city in Germany, local post, Stadt-Briefverkehr, 1896-1900 Phantasy: A bogus stamp. Phantasy: a bogus stamp with no postal value. Phantom Philately: The collection of bogus stamps. The name is derived from Frederick Melvilles book Phantom Philately, one of the pioneer works on bogus issues. Phantom philately: the collecting of fake or bogus stamps; the name came from author Fred Melvilles work Phantom Philately. Phantom plate numbers: occurs during the printing process when offset plate numbers re-offsets onto the adjoining plate to offset on the next sheet of stamps. Phi: Philadelphia, pre-adhesive postmark. Phil: Philadelphia town mark, used about 1826-27. Philadelphia & Reading Railroad: parcel delivery firm operated by the railroad; used labels; 1880s. Philadelphia Despatch Post: see Blood, D. O. & Co. Philadelphia Local Express Co.: parcel delivery firm serviced the Philadelphia area; used a corner card and label; year unknown. Philadelphia, Pa.: occupied by British from Sept. 26, 1777 until June 18, 1778. Philadelpia: misspelling of Philadelphia on cancellation of first day cover for Honoring the Teachers of America issue, July 1, 1957. Philadephia: local post 1: Auners Despatch Post, 1851 2: Briggs Despatch, 1848 3: City Dispatch, 1860 4: City Express Post, 1840s 5: Clintons Penny post 6: Cressman & Co.s Penny Post, 1856 7: D.O. Blood & Co., Phila. Despatch Post, 1841-43 8: Eagle City Post, 1848-50 9: G. Carters Despatch, 1849-51 10: Guys City Despatch, 1879 11: Hamptons City Despatch Post, 1847 12: Harriss City Despatch Post, 1847 13: J. A. Howells City Despatch, 1840s 14: Philadelphia Express Post, Spence & Brown, 1848 15: Priests Despatch, 1851 16: Teese & Co. Penny post, 1852 17: Telegraph Despatch P.O., 1848 Philarule: gauge used for measuring postmarks, overprints, etc. Philatector: watermark detector that utilizes electrically lighted color filters. Philatelic Congress stamp: commemorative stamp issued on the occasion of a special philatelic meeting. Philatelic Cover: An envelope or postal card franked and mailed by a stamp collector to create a collectible object. It may or may not have carried a personal or business message. A non-philatelic cover is usually one that has carried business or personal correspondence or messages and has had its stamps applied by a non-collector. Some stamps are known only on collector-created covers. It is impossible to say whether some covers are philatelically inspired or not. See also Used and Postally Used. Philatelic Foundation: organization that expertises philatelic material. Philatelic Fulfillment Service Center: Kansas City, Mo. postal unit that supplies all philatelic products by mail or telephone order; applies first-day of issue cancel and additional special cancellations. Philatelic Handling Labels: postal instructional label requesting careful postmarking and handling in transit; issued by Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, etc. Philatelic Plate Number Association: predecessor group to the Bureau Issues Association and the United States Stamp Society. Philatelic Sons of America: formed after the election of officers at the August 1893 convention of the Sons of Philatelia. Philatelic agency: 1: firm maintained by a government which sells stamps to collectors; some may also aid in the design and production of these stamps. 2: established 1921 in Washington, D.C. to sell new issues to dealers and collectors; part of the U.S. Post Office Department. Philatelic auction: sales event where philatelic material is sold to the highest bidder. Philatelic bureau: government agency that handles sales of philatelic items. Philatelic center: a retail outlet in a postal lobby that sells stamp stock of various plate number positions and a complete line of philatelic products for stamp collectors. Philatelic cover: a cover specifically made to be a collectible item. Philatelic exhibition seal: label produced in connection with a stamp exhibition. Philatelic exhibition stamp: postage stamp issued to commemorate a stamp exhibition. Philatelic exhibition: stamp show open to the public, sponsored by stamp clubs, dealers or the postal administration. Philatelic president: term used for a well-publicized stamp collector, President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Philatelic salvage: takes place when a philatelic item has condition problems that may require a change to preserve, save or enhance its appearance or value. Philatelic station cancel: slogan cancellation used at philatelic exhibitions. Philatelic truck: vehicle, sponsored by the U.S.P.O. department, traveled around the U. S. from 1939 to 1941 spreading knowledge about stamp collecting; a souvenir sheet was given away at no charge at each stop. Philatelic: (Fil-a-tel-ic) 1: common design on stamps of the French Community of Nations, 1963-64. 2: the adjective for philately. 3: Briefmarken (Ger.) Philatélique (Fr.) Filatelico (It.) Filatelico (Sp.) Philatelist: An individual who enjoys collecting and/or studying stamps and other postal items. Philatelist: a student of stamp collecting, one who collects stamps. Philatelistentag: (Ger.) Philatelist’s Day, celebrated in Germany every year. Philately: 1: taken from the Greek philos, loving + ateleia, exemption from (further) tax, understood as equivalent of postage paid. 2: the collection and study of postage stamps, postmarks, stamped envelopes, etc. Philately: The collection and study of postage stamps and postal stationery. Philatélie: (Fr.) philately Philexafrique: common design on stamps of the French Community of Nations, 1969, 1978-79. Philippine Station/San Francisco: first cancellation of U.S. post office at Cavite, 1898, during occupation of Philippines Islands during the Spanish-American War. Philippinerna: (also Filippinerna) (Nor., Swed.) the Philippines. Philippinerne: (Dan.) seeFilipperne. Philippinernsk: (also Filippinernsk) (Dan., Nor., Swed.) Phillipine. Philippines: located in the Malay Archipelago; group of app. 7,000 islands, currency: 20 cuartos = 1 real, 100 centavos de peso = 1 peso (1864), 100 centimes de escudo = 1 escudo (1871), 100 centimes de peseta = 1 peseta (1872), 1,000 milesimas de peso = 100 centimos = 1 peso (1878), 100 cents = 1 dollar (1899), 100 centimos = 1 peso (1906), 100 centavos = 1 peso (1946) 1854, Feb.1: No.1, 5 cuartos orange, first stamps under Spanish rule, inscribed “Correos 1854 Y 55 1854: stamps of India available in Manila and used to pre-pay postage by merrhants, 1855: stamps of Cuba also used in the Philippines, 1863: stamps of India replaced by those of Hong Kong, 1870: stamps inscribed “Filipinas,” 1873: stamps of Straits Settlements used except for mail to USA where stamps of Hong Kong used, 1877: Spanish colonies joined the U.P.U. and foreign stamps stopped being used, 1898, May 1: ceded to the U.S. by Spain, American occupation of the Philippines, 1899, Mar.: U.S. stamps used with “Philippines” overprint, Spanish stamps also accepted, 1899, June 23: Filipino Republic revolutionary government established, issued own stamps, 1899, July 30: branch of San Francisco post office established at Cavite, 1899, May 1: Philippine postal service separated from San Francisco, 1899, June 30: diagonal overprint on U.S. stamps for when territory was ceded to the U.S. following Spanish-American war; diagonal overprint “Philippines,” first postage due stamp, 1899, Aug. 16: first postage due stamp, 1901, Mar. 23: Filipino Republic ended when their general arrested by U.S. forces, 1906: inscribed “Philippine Islands / United States of America,” 1922, Jan. 1: joined the U.P.U., 1926, May 13: first air mail stamps, 1926, Dec. 20: first official stamps, 1935, Nov. 15: independence inscription “Commonwealth of the Philippines” 1942, Mar. 4-Jan. 12, 1945: Japanese occupation, overprint of black bars and surcharge, 1942, May 18: overprint “Congratulations / Fall of Bataan and / Corregidor” 1944: American forces retook island, 1946, July 4: became Republic of the Philippines, 1949, Apr. 1: first semipostal stamp. Philmark: a system of codes to designate the design center within a stamps perforations. Philography: term for autographed first day covers. Philometry: the study and collection of metered mail. Phoenix Island: bogus issue using frame of a St. Vincent stamp. Phonopost: Universal Postal Union mail classification for Gramophone records, approved 1939. Phosphor (Phos): a chemical printed on stamps in order to help automated machines process the mail by reacting to the phosphor under ultraviolet lights. It started in Great Britain in 1959, and many countries now use a phosphor tagging on their stamps. Phosphor dots: dot design made of phosphor substances as a postcode which can be read by automatic sorting equipment. Phosphor-Graphite: graphite lines on back and phosphor lines on front of stamps of Great Britain, 1959. Phosphor: A chemical substance used in stamp production to activate machines that automatically cancel mail. The machines react to the phosphor under ultraviolet light. In 1959, Great Britain began to print phosphor lines on some of its stamps. See also Tagging. Phosphorescence: the property of a luminescent material, after being activated by exposure to ultraviolet light, to continue to glow for a period of time after the UV light has been extinguished. Photo Lettre: (Fr.) letter form used by British forces during WWII which were then microfilmed. Photo cachet: a cachet that consists in part, or all, of a photograph. Photo card: a personal photograph printed on the back of a postcard. Photo-Engraving: photo-mechanical process of making line and half-tone blocks, used for typographic printing. Photo: photogravure. PhotoStamp: stamp size photographs that are perforated and gummed like stamps, considered a cinderella. Photobrief: (Ger.) letter form used by British forces during WWII which were then microfilmed. Photocachet: A cachet consisting in part or entirely of a photograph. Photography: used to print some stamps issued during the Siege of Mafeking; blue-prints made by sunlight through a negative design in contact with blue-print paper. Photogravure: A modern stamp-printing process. Plates are made photographically and chemically, rather than by hand engraving a die and transferring it to a plate. Photogravure is a form of intaglio printing. The ink in this process rests in the design depressions. The actual surface of the printing plate is wiped clean. The paper is forced into the depressions and picks up the ink, in a manner much like the line-engraved process. Photogravure: printing process where the design is photographed on the printing plate through a fine screen which breaks the copy up into very fine dots which are square in shape; the depressions formed around the squares hold the ink, also known as gravure. Photomail: see V-Mail. Photomosaics: combination of hundreds or thousands of small photographs or works of art arranged to forma complete image of a subject. Pi de Llobregat: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican,1937. Pi: piastre, currency unit in North Africa, Turkey and Europe. Pia Canza: local post, Allied Occupation, Italian liberation, 1944. Piacenza: town and province in Northern Italy; local post, Italy, 1944. Piasgua: overprint on stamps of Chile, Chilean Occupation, Peru. Piaster: overprint for currency, Austria, Germany-Offices in Turkey. Piastra: overprint for currency, France, Great Britain, Italy, Romania, Russia-Offices in Turkey Piastres: currency surcharge on stamps of Great Britain for Turkish Empire, 1885-1921. Piastro: overprint on stamps of Italy, Offices in Turkey. Picadura: (Sp.) roulette. Pice: currency unit in Nepal, and used in conjunction with the anna. Pichi Richi Railway: local post, Australia, about 1988. Pichincha: province in Ecuador used a control overprint, 1902. Pick boxes: dealer boxes with misc. stamps where the customer can pick whatever they want. Pickup airmail: airmail picked up by a passing aircraft without landing. Pictorial cachet: cachet design which uses images to depict theme. Pictorial cancel: cancellation with an image in the design elements. Pictorial permit: business bulk rate permit that features a design. Pictorial postmarks: postal markings which include a design. Pictorial slogans: postmarks with a picture, emblem, symbol or other type of design. Pictorial: Stamp bearing a picture of some sort, other than a portrait or coat of arms. Pictorial: stamps that bear an illustration of any decorative theme such as a landscape, work of art, flowers, etc. that are different than portraits or symbols. Picture postal cards: cards produced for the USPS with a stamped imprint prepaying the postage with a color illustration on the reverse of the card Pidgeon Is.: bogus issue Pie de Imprenta: (Sp.) imprint in the bottom margin of a stamp. Pie: currency unit in India and states Piece moyenne: (Fr.) average condition. Piece: a remaining part of a mailed item showing the stamps and sometimes the address or postmark. Piegato: (It.) creased. Pierce Match Co.: see Private die match proprietary stamps. Pierce, R. V.: U.S. private die medicine proprietary stamp. Piercys Express Company, Limited: parcel delivery firm serviced New York City; used stamps; year unknown. Pies: currency unit in Aden, Bahrain, Burma, India Pieters, Bennett & Co.: U.S. private die medicine proprietary stamp. Pietersburg: town in Transvaal, Republic of South Africa; 1901, Mar.20-April 9, 1901: provisional stamps issued as Boer headquarters during Anglo-Boer War. Pieza de Perfección: (Sp.) condition of complete excellence. Pigeon Blood Pink: color variety on US 1861 stamp. Pigeon Post: 1: first recorded use was during the siege of Leiden in the Netherlands in 1575. 2: stamps issued to pay postage on letters carried by pigeons. 3: Great Barrier Islands, 1897 4: Franco-Prussian war, 1870-71. 4. United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Pigeon mail: mail carried by pigeon, either on microfilm or a very light-weight letter sheet carried in a pellicule attached to the leg of the bird for flight. Pigeon voyageur: (Fr.) carrier pigeon Pigeongram: Auckland to Okupu, labels used on specially constructed light-weight envelopes,1899; see Great Barrier Island. Pigment: coloring matter or dye combined to produce printers ink. Pigmented ink taggant: phosphorescent tagging mixed with one or more printing ink colors; used only with lightly colored stamps; most postal stationery and postal cards in the 1970s were made with pigmented ink taggant. Pikes Peak Express Company: 1858; William H. Russell, William B. Waddell and Alexander Majors formed the Leavenworth and Pikes Peak Express Company. Pilas: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist, 1937. Pilgrim Tercentenary: inscription on U.S. issue with no country name. Pilipinas: overprint/inscription on stamps of Japan for Japanese Occupation of Philippines. Pillar box: name used for a standing box used for the collection of mail. Pillar: repetitive design printed in the pane margins of watermarked paper, between the panes, to ensure that it wont be counterfeited. Pilsen: now named Plzen, Czech Republic. Pin perforating (roulette): holes are pricked into the paper, without any paper being cut out. Pin-hole: 1: a tiny hole in the fibers of a stamp through which one can see light. 2: Nadelloch (Ger.) Trou dEpingle (Fr.) Foro di Spillo (It.) Punto de Aguja (Sp.) Pinatar: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican,1937. Pince: (Fr.) tweezers, tongs Pinckneys Express Post: U. S. local post, New York, N.Y., 1851. Pinedes de Llobregat: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican, 1937. Ping-Siang: local post, Kiangsi, Central Chinese, 1949 Pink Backs: nickname for Washington-Franklin stamps that bleed a pink color when placed in water. Pins des Valles: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican,1937. Pinsin(e): currency unit in Ireland. Pinyan: official Chinese spelling system. Pinzas: (Sp.) tongs. Pinzette: (Ger.) tongs, tweezers. Pioneer Kings Langley: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Pioneer flight: flight from the period starting with the initial experimental flights and ending with the beginning of regular air services; for the U.S., this period is1910-1916. Pioneer stamps: youth program in communist nations designed to counter the Scouting movement. Pioneer: postcard with instructions stating that messages must appear on the front. Piora-tal: Switzerland hotel post, 1882-87. Piper file: research index of philatelic literature; available from APRL; see : APRL. Pipmail: inscription on bulk rate used in a bulk-mail service by PIP Printing Corp. Pips Daily Mail: U. S. local post, Brooklyn, N.Y., about 1862. Piquage: (Fr.) perforation. Piqué a zig-zag: (Fr.) zig-zag roulette perforation. Pira: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican,1937. Pirate Post: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Piriatin: local post, Russian Zemstvo, 1868-69 Pirie paper: Alex. Pirie & Co., made the paper for New Zealand issues between 1899 and 1902. Pirmasens: city in Germany, local post, Private-Post, 1894-1900 Piros: (Hung.) red (color). Pirosas: (Hung.) reddish (color). Piroscafi Ottoman: local post, Levant, aka Turkish Admiralty SS Co., 1859 Pisa-Provisorium: (Ger.) emergency postage on board the transport ship Pisa in 1902, China. Pisagua: postal cancel on stamps of Chile, Chilean occupation of Peru Pisco: overprint on stamps of town in Peru; provisional issue during occupation by Chile,1884. Piscopi: overprint on stamps of Italy for offices in Piscopi, Aegean islands. 1912-pre: used stamps of Turkey, 1912: No.1, 2 centesimi orange brown, overprint “Piscopi” on stamps of Italy, 1916: first stamps without overprints, 1920: Turkey ceded group to Italy, 1943, Sept.: became part of Greece, 1943: reoccupied by German forces, 1945: liberated by Allied forces, 1945-47: stamps of Britain overprinted MEF (Middle East Forces), when islands transferred to Greece, 1947: stamps of Greece overprinted SDD (Dodecanese Military Occupation), 1947-summer: stamps of Greece used. Piso Company (E.T. Hazletine): inscription on Medicine stamp; see Private die proprietary stamps. Piszkosfehér: (Hung.) off-white (color). Pitcairn Islands: 1: The Coconut Bar, Oranges, Senior Service inscriptions, unissued Great Britain cinderellas by David Horry, 2001. 2: Hanging Mutineers inscription, unissued Great Britain cinderella by David Horry, 2001. Pitcairn Islands: South Pacific Ocean; official name of postal administration: Pitcairn Islands Mail currency: 12 pence = 1 shilling, 100 cents = 1 NZ dollar (1967) 1921: internal mail was free, with special handstamp, “Posted at Pitcairn Island-No stamps available,” 1927, June: New Zealand postal agency opened, free postage discontinued, 1940, Oct. 15: No.1, ½ penny blue-green and orange, first stamps, 1986: Frama machine set up at stamp show in Australia, never used in Pitcairn, but labels valid for postage. Pitney-Bowes Corp.: commercial firm selling computer-generated postage. Pitt & Scott, Inc.: private delivery firm that serviced parcel throughout the world; used a corner card; 1876? Pittsburgh Local Express: parcel delivery firm serviced Pittsburgh area; used a stamp; year unknown. Pittsburgh: local post, Ziebers Dispatch, 1852 Pittsylvania Court House, Va. Paid 5 cents: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Piura (Piyra): overprint on stamps for town in Peru for provisional issue during occupation by Chile,1879-84. Pizarra: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist,1937. Pizze: (It.) Pizzighettone (Lombardy) pre-adhesive postmark. Pièce exposee: (Fr.) exhibit. Pièce le Haut Plus Degré de Perfection: (Fr.) condition of complete excellence. Pjon, Pjonustumerki: overprint/inscription on stamps of Iceland for official use. Plade Besos: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican, 1937. Pladefejl: (Dan.) plate error, plate fault, plate flaw. Pladenummer: (Dan.) plate number. Plagiarism: postal designs used in one country being used in another country, may have minor changes. Plan sur de Valencia: (Sp.) inscription on postal tax stamps for funding of project to prevent flooding in the city of Valencia, compulsory on all mail from Valencia since 1963. Planche (numéro de): (Fr.) plate number. Planet: Postal Alpha Numeric Encoding Technique; USPS code place on mailing pieces to track processing and delivery of mail pieces through existing mail processing equipment; see Confirm Planned Investments: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Planty Catalogue: catalog of U. S. cachets assembled by Earl Planty . Plaquette de présentation: (Fr.) presentation pack. Plast: Ukrainain scouting movement labels to raise funds. Plastic sleeve: plastic envelope used to store covers or stamps. Plata: (Sp.) silver, overprint on stamps of Peru, 1880-81 that could only be bought for silver, see Metal currency stamps. Plate Block (PB) (or Plate Number Block): A block of stamps from the corner or side of a pane including the selvage bearing the number(s) of the plate(s) used to print the sheet from which the pane was separated. Some stamp production methods, like booklet production, normally cut off plate numbers. In the United States, plate number blocks are collected normally as blocks of four to 20 stamps, depending on the press used to print the stamps. When each stamp in a pane is a different design, the plate block is usually collected as an entire pane. Plate Finisher Initials: initials punched into a plate, usually in lower right corner, 1908-1928. Plate Finisher: an employee of the BEP who removed extra lines or dots from an engraved plate after the siderographer has finished his job. Plate Number Coils (PNC): For most coil stamp rolls beginning with #1891, a small plate number appears at varying intervals in the roll in the design of the stamp. Plate Number Strip: A strip of three or five coil stamps with the middle stamp bearing a plate number. Plate Number Strip: three or more marginal stamps with the full selvedge and plate number at the center. Plate block (PB): see Plate number block. Plate crack: flaw in the surface of the steel printing plate usually caused by the hardened plate cracking under wear or pressure. Plate flaw: damage to one specific stamp image on one specific printing plate. Plate gap: ink appearing through perforation holes on coil stamps. Plate interval: number of stamps on a coil between plate numbers. Plate marking: all forms of marks printed on the sheet regardless of why they were put there. Plate number block: a block of stamps with the sheet margin attached showing the plate number used in printing that sheet, also known as plate block; usually block of four stamps or more. Plate number coil (PNC): U.S. coil stamps produced since 1981 with a representative plate number appearing at the bottom of the stamp at certain intervals. Plate number: 1: the serial number engraved on a plate which usually appears in a corner of a sheet of stamps; this number is used to keep the plates from getting mixed up at the printing plant. 2: single digit suffix numbers are printed on the coils, instead of the whole serial number. Plate numbers: numbers in the margin of plates. Plate pairings: some of the early Transportation Series coils were printed on the Cotrell presses, which used two plates in tandem to print the stamps; two different plate numbers would be paired, resulting in coils of stamps showing both plate numbers, 48 stamps apart. Plate position: position of a pane of stamps in relation to the whole press sheet. Plate proof: an impression taken from a whole or part of a plate before actual printing is started. Plate scratch: caused by an object cutting into the plate. Plate strip: (PS) joined coil stamps, one of which bears a plate number within its design area, usually collected with the plate number on the center stamp. Plate variety: any variety in a stamp that had its origin in the plate from which the stamp was printed. Plate: The basic printing unit placed on a press and used to produce stamps. Early stamps were printed from flat plates. Later curved or cylindrical plates were used. See also Cylinder and Sleeve. Plate: a flat piece of metal (usually copper, zinc or steel) on which an image has been photoengraved, hand engraved or etched; the stamps are then printed from this object; it is the basic printing unit on a press. Platefeil: (Nor.) plate error, plate fault, plate flaw. Platen: in printing, the flat plate which receives or provides the necesssary resistance as the image is imprinted on the paper. Platform tickets: sold by British railways allowing persons who were not traveling access to the station platforms; tickets had stamps with amount paid. Plating: The reconstruction of a stamp pane by collecting blocks and individual stamps representing various positions. This is possible for many older issues, but most modern issues are too uniform to make the identification of individual positions possible. Plating: the reconstruction of a sheet of stamps by the placement of individual stamps representing the various positions. Platnost: (Czech.) validity, date(s) of postal validity for a stamp issue. Platte: (Ger.) die, plate. Plattendruck: (Ger.) flat bed press printing. Plauen: 1: city in Germany, local post, Briefbeförderung, 1890-97 2: city in Germany, local post, Courier, 1893-96 3: city in Germany, local post, Express-Packet-Verkehr, 1891 4: city in Germany, local post, Stadt-Briefbeförderung Marquardt & co., 1890-1900 5: town in Saxony, Germany, local post, 1945 Playing card U.S. revenue stamps: five different denomination printed since the amount of tax depended of the purchase price of the deck of cards, up to 5¢ per pack, 1862-1965; usually destroyed when deck of cards were opened. Playing card stamps: conventional revenue stamps denominated in currency, 1894-1940. Playing cards: British revenue stamps for use in America, 1765-66 Plaza Mayor: (Sp.) Central Plaza, Madrid, stamp bourses held every Sunday morning. Pleasant Shade, Va. 5: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Plebiscit Slesvig: Schleswig plebiscite, 1919. Plebiscite Issue: A stamp issue promoting a popular vote. After World War I, a number of disputed areas were placed under temporary League of Nations administration, pending plebiscites to determine which nation the populace wished to join. Special issues note the upcoming vote in several of these areas, among them Allenstein, Carinthia, Eastern Silesia, Marienwerder, Schleswig and Upper Silesia. Plebiscite Olzstyn Allenstein: overprint on stamps of Germany, see Allenstein. Plebiscite stamps: temporary stamps issued by a town or district while their national or political future is being determined by a vote of the people. Plebisicite, Memel, Saar Study Group: study group of the German Philatelic Society specializing in the stamps and postal history of the areas involved. Pleskau: town and Russian district near Leningrad; German occupation forces issued overprint and special stamps in 1941-42. Plet: (Dan.) spot, blemish. Pli (enveloppe): (Fr.) cover, envelope Plic prima zi: (Rom.) first day cover, FDC. Plic: (Rom.) cover, envelope. Pliegue: (Sp.) crease, fold. Plimpton envelopes: The Plimpton Mfg. Co. printed U.S. envelopes from 1874 until 1903. Plissé: (Fr.) creased. Pliure: (Fr.) crease Plonsk: city in German-occupied Russian Poland, local post overprint, 1918-20. Plug cancel: round, double circle marking, officially known as a validator stamp; used on postal receipts and registered envelopes. Plug: a part of the printing plate that is literally plugged into the main design; such as value, etc.. Plum Creek, Texas 10c: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Plumer & Foffs Express: parcel delivery firm serviced Boston and Newburyport, Mass.; used labels, late 1880s. Plurinvest: labels produced by the Bolaffi Co. of Turin, Italy; each label is a certificate representing a small ownership of the item shown on the label; usually a philatelic rarity or a work of art. The symbol £ stands for Italian lira and not for Pounds. Plåtfel: (Swed.) plate error, plate fault, plate flaw. Plåtskada: (Swed.) plate crack. Pmk: postmark. Pneumatic Mail: mail sent between U.S. post offices and railroad stations by pneumatic tubes, 1893-June 30, 1918. Pneumatic Post: Letter distribution through pressurized air tubes. Pneumatic posts existed in many large cities in Europe, and special stamps and stationery were produced for the services. Pneumatic post: distribution of mail through air tubes below ground using compressed air. Pneumatic tube stamps: issued only by Italy. Pneumatic tube stationery: issued by three nations; Austria, France, and Germany. Pneumatische Expressbeförderung: (Ger.) pneumatic mail post express cards used by Austria. Pneumatischer Brief: (Ger.) Pneumatic letter, inscription on Austrian letter sheet. Pneumatiskpost: (Swed.) pneumatic post, pneumatic mail. Pneumatiskpostmärke: (Swed.) pneumatic post stamp, pneumatic mail stamp. Pneumatiskpostpostkort: (Swed.) pneumatic post postal card, pneumatic mail postal card. Po-yang: local post, North China, 1949. Poached Egg: nickname for British green vending machine test label, center illustrates a dark green oval. Poblact na Heireann: (Irish) Republic of Ireland; Republican Army issues. Pochette-cadeau: (Fr.) gift-pack. Pochetten: (Ger.) small stamp pockets with see -thru fronts and black backing. Pocket-shaped envelope: an envelope that has the flap at one end instead of at the top. Pocyzta: (Pol.) Poland. Poczta Dylizansowa Szlakiem Kopernika: (Pol.) stage-coach mail On Copernicus route, May 8th - June 16th, 1973, 35 various labels (cinderellas). Poczta Harczerska: (Pol.) Scout Post postmark applied during Warsaw ghetto uprising in 1944, scouts delivered the mail within the ghetto; Scout Post in general, after 1945. Poczta Litwa Srodkowa: (Pol.) Central Lithuania. Poczta Oflag: (Pol.) stamps and cancels for a German prisoner of war camp for Polish military officers in Gross-Born, Neubrandenburg, Murnau, Woldenberg, Poland. Poczta Osiedli Polskich Itali: (Pol.) post World War II for the Polish Corps and Refugees in Italy. Poczta Pol. Korp: (Pol.) overprint of stamps of Russia for Polish Expeditionary Force, 1918. Poczta Polowa II Korpusu: (Pol.) fieldpost of 2nd Corps [in Italy 1943-1946]. Poczta Polska Port Gdansk: Polish Post in Free City Danzig (1920-1939); see Danzig. Poczta Polska: (Polish Post) 1: overprint on stamps of Austria for Poland Newspaper, 1916. 2: (lower case) overprint on stamps of Germany during Polish occupation, 1919. 3: inscription for Poland, except between 1944-45 and 1948 when Poczta was omitted. Poczta: (Pol.) 1: on stamps of Italy; Poland inscription / overprint for Polish Second Corps serving in Italy during WW II; cinderella, produced to raise funds for charity, but used on mail without additional postage through agreement with Italy. 2: (Pol.) Post, Polish occupation overprint on stamps of Lithuania, 1920. Podací Lístek na Telegram: (Czech.) telegram(me) registration receipt.. Podací Lístek: (Czech.) receipt. Podatelna: (Czech.) mail room. Poddebice: city in German-occupied Russian Poland, local post overprint, 1918-20. Podkarpatská Rus: see Celistvosti - Podkarpatská Rus. Podolsk: local post, Russian Zemstvo, 1871-9569-84 Podradny: (Czech.) inferior. Pofis: specialized catalogue of Czechoslovakia Pohjois Inkeri: (Fin.) inscription during short revolt, 1930. see North Intermanland.. Pohlednice: (Czech.) postcard, picture postcard. Pointing finger: symbol used as a marking on undeliverable mail that has been returned to sender; usually includes text indicating why the mailpiece is being returned Points down (Up): the direction in which the points face on grills. Poinçon: (Fr.) die Poisson: (Fr.) fish (topic). Poitiers: city in France, local provisional, 1944 Pokutia issue: Western Ukraine, occupied by Romania, C.M.T. on stamps of Austria in 1920; see Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. Polaire Internationale: international polar; inscription on stamps of USSR, air mail, 1932. Poland: local post, Solidarity underground movement, 1988 Poland: located in Europe between Germany and Russia; official name of postal administration: Poczta Polska currency: 100 kopecks = 1 ruble, 100 fenigi = 1 marka (1918), 100 halerzy = 1 koruna (1918), 100 grozy = 1 zloty (1924) 1850: parts of Poland absorbed by Austria and Prussia used stamps of these territories. 1856: Russia stamps recognized by Poland, 1858: separate postal service created, 1860, Jan.1: No.1, 10 kopecks blue and rose, first stamp; used six concentric circles as cancel, under Russian kingdom, stamps valid within Poland and for mail to Russia, 1860-63: used four concentric circles as cancel, 1863: stamps of Russia used again due to revolt by Poles, 1914: Poland invaded by Germany and Austria-Hungary, German occupation stamps overprinted “Poczta Polska” for local usage, two stamps issued for Polish Legion, 1915, May 12: German stamps overprinted “Russisch-Polen” for use in Poland, 1916: German stamps overprinted “General Governement-Warsaw” used, as well as overprinted stamps of the German Eastern Military Command, 1918, regional stamps issued in cities / regions of Cracow, Lublin, Posen, Warsaw, North Poland and South Poland, Polish Expeditionary Forces used surcharged Russian stamps, 1918, Nov. 3: Polish republic proclaimed, 1919, Jan. 10; first stamps, first postage due stamp, 1919, May 1: joined the U.P.U. 1919, May 3: first semi-postal, 1919, May-1923: Polish consulate in Constantinople (Levant) operated a post office, 1919, Nov.: a post office opened in Odessa during Russian Civil War, 1920, Feb.1: first official stamp, 1925, Jan. 25: “Port Gdansk” overprint for Offices in Danzig, 1925, Sept.10: first air mail stamp, 1939, Sept.1: German occupation “Deutsche Post Osten” overprint on stamps of Germany, 1939, Dec.1-1941: stamps inscribed / overprinted “General Government of Poland,” stamps of Russia used east of the River Bug, 1941, Oct. 26: German General Government stamps inscribed “Deutsches Reich General Government,” 1943, Aug.: Deutsches Reich General Government’ changed to ‘Gross Deutsches’, 1941, Dec. 15-46: Polish Government in Exile, Great Britain, issued stamps for use on Polish ships and military camps, 1944, Sep. 7: regular stamp issues inscribed “Poczta Polska.” Polar Post: created by Capt. W. Bade in 1897-98 for Spitzbergen. Polar stamps, government: New Zealand, Sir Ernest Shackletons expedition in the Antarctic, 1908. Polar stamps: local post for service in Spitzbergen, 1897. Polarfahrt: (Ger.) polar flight. Pole du Nord: inscription on stamps of USSR, air mail, 1931. Polecat Local post: local post fantasy, c1989. Polecona: 1: Poland Officials. 2: (Pol.) registered letter / mail. Polen: (Dan., Ger., Nor., Swed.) Poland. Polensk Post i Tyrkiet: (Dan.) Polish Post Offices in the Turkish Empire (Levant). Polensk: (Dan.) Polish. Polish Antarctic Territory: bogus antarctic issue Polish Offices in Danzig: see Port Gdansk; 1938: first commemorative stamp. Polish Peoples Republic: see Poland Polish Post Offices Abroad: 1: Levant overprint on stamps of Poland to frank mail from the Polish Consulate in Constantinople. 2: Stamps of Poland overprintedPort Gdnask for use at the Polish port of Danzig from 1925-37. Political stamps: Venezuela, illustrated a map showing Venezuelas claim to British Guianese territory, 1896. Polizas de Bolsa: (Sp.) inscription on Spanish fiscals for Stock Exchange contracts, etc. Polní Posta: (Czech.) field post. Pologne: (Fr.) Poland. Polonez: (Rom.) Polish (adj.). Polonia: (It., Sp.) Poland Polop: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican, 1937 Polsk: (Dan., Nor., Swed.) Polish. Polska Poczta: overprint on stamps of 1903-1916. Polska: (Pol.) Poland Polske Post på Tyrkia: (Nor.) Polish Post Offices in the Turkish Empire (Levant). Polske skeppspost: (Swed.) Polish ship mail (ship post). Polske skibspost: (Dan.) Polish ship mail (ship post). Polske skipspost: (Swed.) Polish ship mail (ship post). Polsko: (Czech.) Poland. Polsky: (Czech.) Polish. Poluchen: (Rus.) received. Polvora Caza, Mina, Explosivas: (Sp.) inscription on fiscals for gunpowder, various uses. Polychrome: (Fr.) multicolored Polyester: very clear, fairly rigid material that is chemically inert, used by the National Postal Museum for exhibits and storage of the collections; also known as Mylar(r). Polyethylene: soft, clear inert plastic used in sleeves for photographs, usually comes in rolls or sheets. Polynésie Française: (Fr.) French Polynesia. Polypropylene: inert plastic, similar to polyethylene, used for sleeve pages. Polysleeve: clear plastic sleeves, usually closed on two or three sides, to hold covers, so that they wont get damaged in handling. Polyvinyl alcohol: an adhesive product used instead of gum arabic and other adhesives for stamps. Pombal: inscription on 1925 stamps of Portugal and Colonies for postal tax; Sebastiao Jose de Carvalho e Mello, Marquis de Pombal, rebuilt Lisbon after earthquake. Pomeroys Letter Express: U. S. local post, New York State, 1844 Pommare: South Pacific Kingdom issued in 1800s; stamps usually classified as Haiti because inscription reads Haitji Ponce: local post for town in Puerto Rico, American Dominion, 1898. Pondelí: (Czech.) Monday. Ponferrada: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist, 1937 Pons: local provisional post, France, 1944. Ponsanooth Village Post: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Ponta Delgada: Azores, a district of Portugal; currency: 1,000 reis = 1 milreis 1892: No.1, 5 reis yellow, inscription for the Azores district, 1905: replaced by stamps of the Azores. 1931: stamps of Portugal used. Pontevedra: local post, Spanish province, Civil War, Nationalist, Republican, 1937-38. Pontianak: local overprint for Japanese Naval Control Area, 1942-45. Pony Express (Nottingham): United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Pony Express Mail D.S.: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Pony Express: U.S. local post handstamp, 1853-61. Pony Express: established in 1859 to carry mail between St. Joseph, MO and San Francisco, CA with 190 relay stations, 500 horses and 80 riders; took ten days, term Pony Express was invented by Wells Fargo. Poon: currency unit in Korea Poona: now named Pune, India Poonch: Kashmir, India Feudatory State; 1876: No.1, 6 pies red, first local stamps, individually handstamped, Jammu and Kashmir cancellations, 1888: first official stamps, 1894: stamps discontinued, uses stamps of Republic of India. Poor: (P) refers to stamp description as being in bad condition Popalania: country created for the comic strip character Popeye. Pope and King: two Spanish sets issued Dec, 23, 1928 to raise funds for catacomb excavation; one depicted King Alfonso XIII and the other, the Pope. Popis: (Czech.) description. Por Avion: by air etiquettes. Por Aviáo: (Port.) by airmail. Por Carecer de Sellos en Admon. y Estancos: (Sp.) lack of stamps, on covers with emergency franking. Por Correo Aereo: by air mail inscription on Venezuela etiquettes. Por Vapor: (Sp.) by steamer; handstamp from Bilbao while under siege during Spanish Carlist War in 1873. Por favor no Doblar: (Sp.) please do not fold or bend. Porkala-Långuiken: (Fin.) local post via steamship, Finland 1890s. Porkhof: local post, Russian Zemstvo, 1876-1905 Porkkala Langviken: local post, Finland, 1898 Porous paper: an absorbent type of paper used in stamp production, usually unglazed. Port Arthur & Darien: China Peoples Republic issue for Port Arthur & Darien Post Telegraph Administration, 1946-50 Port Arthur: now known as Lu-shun, China; overprinted stamps of Japan and Manchukuo; see China, Regional Issues. Port Cantonal: cantonal stamp of Geneva; Switzerland envelope used as adhesive, 1843-50. Port Fouad: overprint on stamps of Egypt to commemorate the new port, 1926. Port Gdansk: overprint on stamps of Poland for the Poland-Offices in Danzig, 1925-38; see Danzig. Port Gibson, Miss. Paid 5: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Port Hood Provisionals: Canadian Post Office reduced the domestic letter rate on Dec. 29, 1898 from 3¢ to 2¢, leaving the Port Hood, Nova Scotia postmaster without correct rate stamps. Without official authorization, h-e cut 3¢ stamps vertically into two-thirds and one-thirds; surcharged the 2/3 pieces 2¢ and the one-third pieces 1¢ to meet the new rate; used for one day only. Port Lagos: overprint on stamps of France, used by French post office in town,1893-98; previously used stamps of France 1874-93; see France Offices, Turkey, French Offices. Port Lavaca, Tex 10 cents postage: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Port Maria: Antarctic fantasy. Port Maud: Antarctic fantasy. Port Paye: (Fr.) first handstamp marking used in France. Port Said: French Post Office in Egypt; 1867, June: post office opened, 1867-99: used stamps of France, 1899-1937: stamps of France overprint for use at the French post office, 1902: changed to inscription, but not used until 1937, Port Said cancels found on British stamps for mail on British ships placed into the Egyptian mail system at Port Said, 1931, Mar.31: post office closed, see Interpostal seals, 1867-84; Egypt, French Offices. Port Talbot Railway & Docks Company: Wales railway local post. Port payé / Post Suède: (Fr., Swed.) inscription used on Swedish vacation stamps; see Vacation stamps. Port payé: (Fr.) Anne Genevieve, Mistress Fouquet, 1653, suggested slips of paper, affixed with a solution of isinglass, known as billets de port payé (postage paid), with room for date and year, sold in monasteries, courthouses, colleges and prisons; sender filled in date and posted in street corner boxes, no example of these stamps have been discovered, but described in literature of the period. Port. Companhia de Mocambique: see Mozambique Company. Portaláda: (Hung.) mail box, letter box. Porte Franco (Correos): Peru; Portugal Franchaise stamp inscription. Porte Libre: private stamp used by merchants in Curaçao to indicate postage paid for postage from Coro to Curaçao; 1890s. Porte de Conduccion: (Sp.) inscription for parcel post stamps of Peru. Porte de Mar: (Sp.) Carried by Sea, inscription on labels issued by Mexico; indicated the amount to be paid to sea captains for carrying outgoing foreign mail, 1875-79. Porte de correos: (Sp.) postage. Porte pagado: (Sp.) postage paid, used by Cuban military personnel in Angola, 1985. Porte timbre: (Sp.) cinderella labels that contains a box within the design of a box for the regular postage stamp. Porteado a receber: Postage to Be Received; overprint on Azores; inscription on Portugal for postage due. Porteado: overprint on Azores; inscription on Portugal for postage due. Portland Match Co.: see Private die match proprietary stamps. Portmanteaux issues: multiple sets of stamps of the same, or similar, design for many territories; aka Omnibus issues. Porto Betalt Lykkebrevet: (Nor.) postage paid - (Good Luck) letter postage stamp combined with a lottery coupon, issued June 1, 1964. Porto Franco: franchaise stamps with company name, Portugal. Porto Franco: postage free inscription on stamps of Peru. Porto Gazetei: (Rom.) newspaper stamp inscription on stamps of Moldavia, Romania, 1858. Porto Marka: Croatia, postage due. Porto Pagato: (It.) postage paid. Porto Pflichtige Dienst Sache: Service Matter Liable for Postage inscription for communal officials, Wurttemberg. Porto Rico: overprint on stamps of United States, American Dominion, Puerto Rico, 1899. 1898: first semi-postal stamp, 1899: first postage due stamp, 1932: name officially changed to Puerto Rico; see Puerto Rico. Porto Scrisori: (Rom.) letter stamp inscription on stamps of Moldavia, Romania, 1858. Porto kradi adresát: (Czech.) mail postage due. Porto: (Ger.) 1. postage. (Ger.) 2: inscription on postage due labels of Austria, Croatia, Denmark, Jugoslavia, Liechtenstein, Poland, and Slovenia. 3: overprint on stamps of Denmark, Hungary, etc. for postage due. 4. (Dan., Nor., Swed.) postage rates. Portocaliu-brun: (Rom.) orange-brown (color). Portocaliu-roz: (Rom.) orange-rose (color). Portocaliu: (Rom.) orange (color). Portoetiketter: (Nor.) postage due etiquettes, postage due labels. Portofrei: (Ger.) free of postage. Portofreiheitsmarke: (Ger.) free frank stamp. Portogallo: (It.) Portugal. Portom(a)erke: (Dan.) postage due. Portomarke: 1: (Ger.) postage due stamp. 2: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Norway Postage Due. Portomerke: (Nor.) postage due stamp. Portomærke: (Dan.) postage due stamp. Portpatrick & Wigtownshire Railway: British railway local post. Portugal: west coast of the Iberian Peninsula; official name of postal administration: CTT Correios currency: 1,000 resi = 1 milreis, 10 reis = 1 centimo, 100 centavos = 1 escudo (1912), 100 cents = 1 Euro (2002) 1853, July: No.1, 5 reis reddish brown, first stamp, used horizontal bars as cancel, 1875, July 1: joined the U.P.U., 1892: “Provisorio” overprint 1898, May 1: first postage due stamp, 1910: republic established, “Republica” overprint diagonally, 1911: overprint “Republica,” first semipostal stamp, 1936: first air mail stamp, 1938: first official stamp; see Africa Correios, Amsterdao, Azores, Madeira. Portugal:1. see Africa Correios, Amsterdao. 2. (Hung.) Portuguese. Portugalsko: (Czech.) Portugal. Portugalsky: (Czech.) Portuguese. Portughez: (Rom) Portuguese (adj.). Portugisisk Guinea: (Dan., Nor.) Portuguese Guinea. Portugisisk India: (Nor.) Portuguese India. Portugisisk Indien: (Dan.) Portuguese India. Portugisisk: (Dan., Nor.) Portuguese. Portugisiska Guinea: (Swed.) Portuguese Guinea. Portugisiska Indien: (Swed.) Portuguese India. Portugisiska Kongo: (Swed.) Portuguese Congo. Portugisiske skeppspost: (Swed.) Portuguese ship mail (ship post). Portugisiske skibspost: (Dan.) Portuguese ship mail (ship post). Portugisiske skipspost: (Nor.) Portuguese ship mail (ship post). Portuguese Africa: stamps used in all Portuguese possessions in Africa; currency: 1,000 reis = 1 milreis, 100 centavos = 1 escudo (1913) 1898, April 1: No.1, 2 ½ reis blue green, stamps of Portugal overprinted “Africa-Correios” first stamps, 1919: Portuguese colonial revenue stamps overprinted “Taxa de Guerra” as war tax stamp, 1945: first postage due stamp, 1974: Portugal withdrew from its African colonies. Portuguese Colonies: 1877, July 1: became members of the UPU, 1907: changed UPU affiliation to include Portuguese African Colonies, 1922, Jan. 1: UPU affiliation with additional Portuguese Colonies. Portuguese Congo: northern district of the Portuguese Angola Colony, on SW coast of Africa; currency: 1,000 reis = 1 milreis, 100 centavos = 1 escudo (1913) 1894, Aug. 5: No.1, 5 reis yellow, first stamp, first newspaper stamp, 1911: stamps of Angola overprinted / surcharged, 1913: Macao, Portuguese Africa, Timor stamps surcharged “Republica Congo,” 1920: replaced by stamps of Angola, 1975: occupied by Angolan military forces; see Angola, Cabinda. Portuguese East Africa: see Mozambique. Portuguese Guinea: African west coast between Senegal and Guinea; currency: 1,000 reis = 1 milreis, 100 centavos = 1 escudo (1913) 1881: No.1, 5 reis black, first stamps were overprints on stamps of Cape Verde, 1886: Portuguese Colonial keytypes, 1893: first newspaper stamp, 1904: first postage due stamp, 1919, May 20: war tax stamp, 1925: first postal tax stamp, 1938, Sep. 19: first air mail stamp, 1974, Sept. 10: became independent as Guinea-Bissau; see Guinea-Bissau. Portuguese India: west coast of the Indian peninsula; consisted of Damao, Diu, and Gao; currency: 1,000 reis = 1 milreis, 12 reis = 1 tanga (1881), 16tangas = 1 rupia, 100 centavos = 1 escudo (1959) 1871, Oct.1: No.1, 10 reis black, first stamps inscribed “Servico Postal India Port,” 1871-77: regular Portuguese colonial design used in combination with stamps of British India, 1904: first postage due stamp, 1919, Apr. 15: War Tax stamp, 1925: first postal tax, postal tax due stamps, 1938, Sept. 1: first air mail stamp, 1961, Dec. 18: annexed to India; Portuguese India stamps valid until Jan. 5, 1962; then stamps of India used. Portuguese Timor: portion of the island of Timor; 1885: first stamps of Macao overprinted “Timor” WW 2: occupied by Japan, 1976, May 3: annexed to Indonesia. Portuguese West Africa: see Angola. Portugália: (Hung.) Portugal. Portzegel: inscription on Netherlands postage due labels Pos Udara: (Indonesian) airpost. Pos: position Posen: city in Germany, 1896-1900: local post, Hansa, 1919, Aug. 5: made part of Poland, stamps of Germany overprinted “Poczta Polska” when this former German province was occupied by the Poles, given to it by the Treaty of Versailles, 1920s: mourning label issued by German stamp dealer Sigmund Hartig, 1939: occupied by Germany, WW 2-post: given Polish name of Poznan. Posesiones Espanoles del Sahara Occidental: inscription on first stamps of Spanish Sahara, Spanish possessions, 1924. Position block: four or more stamps that have marking on attached selvage; may include plate numbers, inscription, slogans or positioning guides for cutting. Position plate block: four plate blocks with the exact same plate number in four positions. Position: a coil stamps position is given in relation to the joint line; 1R is the stamp to the right of the line, 1L is the numbered stamp; if no joint line exists, an imaginary line is used as a reference point. Positional piece: part of a sheet of stamp, usually containing a variety or other unusual feature, with marks that will identify the exact location of the variety, to confirm that the variety is genuine. Posseel-Postage: (Afrikaans) postage inscription on stamps of South Africa, South West Africa. Possession Island: local post. Possessions and Administrated Areas: foreign territories owned or administrated by a nation for which that nation issued stamps; US included Canal Zone, Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto Rico and Ryukyu Islands. Post & Receipt: India with value in annas, Hyderabad. Post (Eiooa): with posthorns in the four corners; Germany, Russian issue for East Saxony Post Ajrore: air mail inscription on stamps of Albania, World War II. Post Box W. 13: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Post Code: a group of numbers, or combination of letters and numbers, established to translate an address into a code used by automatic sorting machines. Post ECS: internet-based document delivery service developed by USPS, Canada Post and Frances La Poste. Post Enfantine: (Fr.) see Toy stamps. Post Great Britain: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Post Haste: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Post Luchtdienst: inscription on air mail stamps of Belgian Congo. Post Obitum: inscription on U.S. Post office seals used by Dead Letters Office to seal opened letters, 1877. Post Office Dept.: U.S. Officials. Post Office Despatch: 1850-55, Baltimore, Md; see Carriers Stamps. Post Office Express (POE): A postal retail unit located within an independent business to serve consumer needs related to merchandise and postal products and services. Post Office Licensed: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Post Office Maritime Mail: British handstamp for letters posted on board ships that were not previously cancelled. Post Office One Cent Despatch: Baltimore, Md., see Carriers Stamps. Post Offices Abroad: post offices staffed and operated by one country but located in another country. Post Par: private delivery service labels, might have done postal duty, Montreal, Canada. Post Plan: United Kingdom postal strike; local post 1971. Post Restante: General Delivery to be held until picked up by addressee at the post office. Post Route Bill: March 4, 1847, Act of Congress authorizing the Postmaster General to contract for mail transportation from Charleston, S. C. to Colon, Isthmus of Panama to Astoria, Oregon. Post Schilling: (with no country name) currency unit in German States, Schleswig Holstein. Post Stamp: inscription in annas-Hyderabad, India. Post USSR: octagonal design in Russian on stamped envelopes; applied in Kiev post office. Post Zegel: 1: overprint on stamps of Transvaal, authorizing revenue stamps for postage. 2: inscription on stamps of Netherlands postage due (with no country name), 1852-67. 3. surcharge on stamps of Netherlands postage due, 1907. Post aérienne: (Fr.) the carriage of mail by air. Post canceled: 1: stamps canceled after their period of validity; usually more desirable if canceled during period of validity. 2: a cover which has been cancelled on a date later than indicated in the postmark; also known as post dated, back dated. Post del ferrocarril: (Sp.) railway mail. Post del urbana: (It.) local town stamps Post office Monopoly: The U.S. Constitution (Art. 1, Sec. 8) Congress vested in the Post Office Department an absolute monopoly for the transportation of first-class mail. Post office branch: a unit of the main post office that is outside the corporate limits of the city or town of the main post office. Post office pane: a sheet of stamps as sold by the post office. Post office parcel card mixture: usually include on-paper stamps, usually collected by governments from parcel cards on packages, and sold to collectors and dealers by the kilogram. Post office seals: affixed to prevent tampering in 1872, then in1877 used to repair damaged letters, and reseal mail opened by mistake; seals have no value and no franking power; also known as Official seals. Post office stones: stones, located in Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, where sailors left messages under stones for outward and homeward bound ships, late1400s. Post office, automatic: a pay telephone in Bath, England, 1924, was integrated with a posting box and a stamp-vending machine. Post office, highest: permanently located at Cerro de Pasco, Peru at an altitude of 14,385 feet, China announced, 2001, that one will be open on Mount Everest, Tibet. Post office, northern: located at Ny Ålesund, Spitzbergen, Norway. Post office, smallest population: Suwarrow, Cook Islands atoll, where postmaster is the only resident as of 1969, it is reserved as a sanctuary for wildlife. Post office, southern: located at the South Pole and operated by the U.S. Post office, tree: Mossel Bay, Cape of Good Hope tree where messages were left from one vessels crew to another, post-1601. Post office, underseas: established off the Bahamas in 1939 as part of the Williamson Photosphere. Post office: 1: place for reception of mail for delivery to addressee. 2: inscription on first stamps of Mauritius, issued Sept. 21, 1847; should have read Post Paid. 3: 1600s, coffee houses were recipients of mail to betaken by the addressees. 4: 1639, first legislation in the General Court of Mass. 5: Postamt (Ger.) Bureau dPoste (Fr.) Posta (It.) Oficina de Correos (Sp.) Post offices, foreign in one city: Constantinople had eight foreign post office operating at various times between 1799 and 1923. Post offices, world: last complete listing was in the three-volume Nomenclature des Bureaux de Poste. published by the Universal Postal Union in 1968. Post paid: when payment of postage by sender was optional, in cases where prepayment was made, postal handstamp indicated with word Paid. Post payd, P Pd: manuscript marking in 1600s England indicating that postage was paid. Post rider: originated as a post office symbol in1 837 by PMG Amos Kendall, design supposedly inspired by Benjamin Franklin, changed in1970; see : Eagle, Mercury. Post road: a public highway whose use is authorized by law. Post, municipal: organized by Hanseatic League, Bremen, 12th century. Post-A-Book: British Post Office 1983 scheme of distinctive labels, stationery and postage stamps to encourage mailing books by mail. Post-og Simakalastjornin Reykjavik: (Ice.) postal seal used to seal official correspondence or repair damaged mail for the city of Reykjavik. Post: 1: a method of sending intelligence, to and from appointed sites at regular intervals, or whenever such a service may be required. 2: one who traveled with messages, letters, packages, etc, as a courier. 3: a series of stations for keeping horses used in the delivery of posts for relays. 4: to travel with haste via a post horse. 5: to mail. 6. (Dan., Nor., Swed.) mail. PostCom: Association for Postal Commerce, Arlington, VA. PostEurop: an affiliate of the Association of European Public Postal Operators, establishes theme for the Europa series of stamps. PostLink: small, digital postal meter, made by the Ascom Hasler division of the Neopost Co., stamps are printed on self-adhesive labels. Posta 15 or 35: overprint on Tannu Tuva revenue stamps. Posta Aeriana: (Rom.) inscription on air mail stamps of Romania. Posta Ajrore (Aerore): (Alb.) overprint on stamps of 1962 Albanian for air mail, 1962, 1919. Posta Austr: Austria, Offices in Turkey Posta Austriaca: (Rom.) Austrian post, Austrian mails. Posta Bulgara: (Rom.) Bulgarian post. Posta Ceskoslovenske Armady Sibirske: Siberia (Czechoslovak Legion Post). Posta Ceskoslovenská: (Czech.) Czechoslovakian posts. Posta Fiume: inscription on triangular stamp of Fiume for newspaper issue. Posta Franceza: (Rom.) French post. Posta Germana: (Rom.) German post. Posta Greaca: (Rom.) Greek post. Posta Imperiala Rusa: (Rom.) Imperial Russia post. Posta Moldova: Moldova, former republic of the U.S.S.R. Posta Napoletana: partial inscription on stamps of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies Posta Otomana: (Rom.) Ottoman (Empire) post. Posta Pneumatica: (It.) pneumatic tube post, Italy. Posta Prisionero de Guerra: (Sp.) prisoner of war mail. Posta Romana Constantinople: Romania overprint, Offices in Turkish Empire, 1919. Posta Romana: Romania. Posta Româna în Constantinopol: (Rom.) Romanian post in Constantinople. Posta Româna în Turcia: (Rom.) Romanian post in Turkey. Posta Touva (Tuba): inscription on stamps of Tannu Tuva. Posta Ukr. N. Rep. Schagiw: (Ukrainian Peoples Republic Schagiw) surcharge on stamps of Austria, Stanislau local post for Western Ukraine. Posta Veteke Verria e Mird Ities: 1921 Albania unauthorized issue. Posta aerea: (It.) the carriage of mail by air, airmail. Posta consulare: (Rom.) consular mail. Posta da Campo: (It.) field post. Posta dei piroscafi Ottomania: (It.) Ottoman Steamship Post; Turkish Steamship Company, 1840-62. Posta di Campo militare: (It.) military post. Posta di bordo: (It.) ships mail. Posta ferroviaria: (It.) railway mail. Posta locale: (It.) local post. Posta militara Austriaca: (Rom.) Austrian military mail. Posta militara Rusa: (Rom.) Russian military mail. Posta militara: (Rom.) military mail. Posta militare: (It.) military post. Posta naufragiata: (Rom.) shipwreck mail. Posta prigioniere di guerra: (It.) prisoner of war mail. Posta prizoniera de razboi: (Rom.) prisoner-of-war mail. Posta prizoniera: (Rom.) prisoner mail. Posta refugiata: (Rom.) refugee post. Posta închisoara: (Rom.) prison mail. Posta ügynökség: (Hung.) Postal agency. Posta: 1. overprint on fiscals of Tannu Tuva for validation as ordinary postage. 2. (Czech., Hung., Rom.) post office. 3. (Rom.) mail. Postafiók: (Hung.) post office box. Postage & Revenue: 1: with denominations in d (pence), Great Britain to pay taxes and fees normally paid by revenue stamps. 2: with denominations in annas, India-Kishengarh 3: inscription on stamps of Britain and colonies for uses in both areas. 4: overprint on stamps of Saurashtra for the United State of Saurashtra, India, 1949-51. Postage Camb aus Sigillun Nov: New South Wales, 1850-51 Postage Due stamp: stamp used to collect fees in letters that have been underpaid due to destination, weight, service, etc. Postage Dues: Stamps or markings indicating that insufficient postage has been affixed to the mailing piece. Postage dues are usually affixed at the office of delivery. The additional postage is collected from the addressee. Postage I.E.F. D: overprint on stamps of Turkey for British occupation of Mosul (Iraq). Postage Paid Cairns Australia: resort stamp inscription to prepay postage from resort to destination. Postage Paid Impression (PPI): imprint used by private firms in Great Britain to frank mail Postage Paye: Postage Paid overprint on stamps of Haiti, 1904 Postage Plus: a postage imprint produced by Neopost. Postage Rate: the amount of money charged for postage. Postage correos: Ponce issue of Puerto Rico. Postage currency: when change was scarce during the Civil War, U.S. postage stamps were pasted on Treasury paper, using these for fractional silver. Postage Due: 1: stamp issued to collect unpaid postage, collectible on final delivery, usually not valid for payment of original postage. 2: deficiency in the original payment 3: amount to be collected from the addressee; also known as double deficiency in many countries. 4: Gebührenpflichtig, Strafporto (Ger.) Port Supplementaire (Fr.) Segnatasse (It.) Franqueo Deficiente (Sp.) 5: common design on stamps of Portugal and Colonies, 1952 6: with denominations in d (pence), Australia, Great Britain 7: known as To Pay labels in Great Britain Postage meter: a mechanical or digital device that creates a valid denominated postage imprint of an authorized postage indicia.Postage meter, first: invented in Paris, 1884, but was never used. Postage rate, increase: London 1801, the Penny Post became the Twopenny Post when the lowest rate doubled overnight. Postage stamp envelope: unofficial envelope used to hold loose unused postage stamps, the face values added up to the amount printed on the envelope, along with a mention of a business. Postage stamp missing (removed): marking on incoming foreign mail, 1887 to indicate mailing office had applied necessary postage so the mailing piece could be processed for delivery without any postage due being assessed. Postage stamp: 1: an officially authorized gummed or self-adhesive paper stamp to be affixed to a letter, embossed on an envelope for mail sent through the Postal Service. 2: timbre post (Fr.); briefmarke (Ger.); francobollo postale (It.); sello de correos (Sp.) Postage tax: inscription on stamps of Sudan for postage due. Postage two cents: with portrait of Andrew Jackson, initials C.S. for Confederate States, United States. Postage validation imprinter (PVI): a computerized printing device that attaches to an integrated retail terminal to produce a postage label that is similar to a meter stamp strip; may contain a barcoded destination. Postage verified: USPS term for the mail piece examined to have the correct postage, or the postage is valid, such as suspected re-used stamps. Postage/Revenue stamp: British nations stamp which can be used either for postage or for revenue purposes. Postage: 1: price established to be paid for the carrying of mailable matter by the post. 2: Grenada overprint on bisected stamps with Queens head. 3: India with inscribed value in annas; Hyderabad. 4: Frankatur (Ger.) Affranchissement (Fr.) Affreancatura (It.) Franqueo (Sp.) Postages Correos 5 cts: Puerto Rico; U.S. dominion. Postai Ajánlási Díj: (Hung.) (postal) registration fee. Postai Dijszabas: (Hung.) postage rates, postal rates. Postai Irányitószám: (Hung.) postal code, zip code. Postai Árusitás Idotartama: (Hung.) period of time of postal sales. Postal Buddy: automated printed-on-demand postal stationery; started July 5, 1990, ceased operation on Sept. 17, 1993. Postal Card: A government-produced postcard bearing an imprint in the upper right corner representing prepayment of postage. Postal Codes, Germany, 1944: 1: Berlin 2: Mark Brandenburg, Ostmark 3: Mecklenburg 4: Pomerania. 5a: Danzig-West Prussia. 5b: East Prussia, Bialystok. 5c: Ostland Reich administrative district. 6: Wartheland, Polish territory. 7a: General Government, Polish territory. 7b: Ukraine Reich administrative district. 8: Lower Silesia. 9a: Upper Silesia. 9b: East Sudetenland. 10: Saxony. 11a: West Sudentenland. 11b: Bohemia and Moravia Reich protectorate. 12a: Vienna, Lower Donau, Styria. 12b: Carinthia, Upper Donau, Salzburg, Tyrol-Vorarlberg. 13a: Bayreuth, Franconia, Mainfranken. 13b: Munich, Upper Bavaria, Swabia. 14: Wurttemburg-Hohenzollern. 15: Thuringia. 16: Hessen-Nassau. 17a: Baden. 17b: Markgraflerland. 18: Westmark (Saarland & Rheinpfalz) 19: Magdeburg-Anhalt. 20: East Hanover, South Hanover, Brunswick 21: Westphalia. 22: Dusseldorf, Essen, Cologne-Aachen, Koblenz-Trier. 23: Weser-Ems. 24: Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein. Postal Commission: Ceylon overprint on the 4-cent stamps of 1883, used to denote the extra commission charged by the post office on money orders which had not been cashed within three months of issue. Postal Concentration Center: WWII term for a postal facility at which all mail for an overseas force is brought for separation. Postal Convention: treaty between countries that set direct mail rates fordelivery between the two countries. Postal Division: APS term for exhibition classification to include traditional, postal history, aerophilately, astrophilately, postal stationery and special studies. Postal Fee: the amount of money charged for a postal service. Postal Fiscal: Revenue or fiscal stamps used postally. Postal History: 1) The study of postal markings, rates and routes; 2) Anything to do with the history of the posts. Postal Inspection Service: The U.S. Postal Service investigative arm responsible for internal audits and investigating criminal acts involving the mails. Postal Inspection Service: The investigative arm of the Postal Service responsible for internal audits and investigating criminal acts involving the mails and misuse of the postal system. Postal Notes: postal method of transmitting money, adopted in the U.S. in 1883, replaced by money orders. Postal Order: postal financial instrument such as postal checks, international reply coupons, etc. Postal Rate Commission (PRC): An independent federal agency that makes recommendations concerning Postal Service requests for changes in postal rates and mail classifications. Postal Rate Commission (PRC): an independent federal agency that makes recommendations concerning USPS requests for changes in postal rates and mail classification. Postal Savings Stamps: 1: if in Russian Cyrillic alphabet, with double-headed Russian eagle in design, brown in color, it is a postal savings stamps of the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic issued in 1918, and sometimes, unofficially used for postage 2: see U. S. Postal Savings Stamps.