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Philatelic Glossary - G - G D: Grand Duchy inscription on stamps of Luxembourg 1859-82. G First-Class: Presorts United States non-denominated postage stamp, value 25¢, October 13, 1994. G NSW: perforated initials in stamps of Australia for the Government of New South Wales. G Official mail: USA United States non-denominated postage stamp, value 32¢, 1992. G P S: Germany Philatelic Society. G Postcard Rate: United States non-denominated yellow postage stamp, value 20¢, October 13, 1994. G Rate Make-up: United States non-denominated postage stamp, value 3¢, 1992. G US: Postage United States non-denominated postage stamp, value 32¢, 1991. G and R: mark on prisoner of war mail sent by Americans captured during the War of 1812-14, while imprisoned in England. G et D: Guadeloupe et Dépendencies) overprint on stamps of French Colonies, Guadeloupe, 1903-04. G&D: overprint on stamps of French Colonies, Guadeloupe, 1903-04. G. O. Ulleberg Local Post: see Drammen - G. O. Ulleberg Local Post. G. R.: precedes the European postal code on addresses in Greece, such as GR-1172 Athens. G. Wisen Local Post: see Malmö - G. Wisen Local Post. G.B. Delivery: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 G.B.S.: (G. B. Smith) initials of postal official of Colonial post office at Georgetown, British Guinea, 1850-51 issue. G.C.: Gobierno Constitutionalista (Constitutional Government); overprint on Mexican revolutionary provisionals, 1913-15. G.C.M.: 1: Gobierno Constitucionalista Mexico, Constitutional Government overprint on federal stamps of Mexico during the 1913-16 civil war, and also used on many of the local provisional overprints. 2: overprint for Oaxaca and Sonora revenue issues, Mexico. G.E.A.: 1: overprint on stamps of East Africa and Uganda Protectorates for German East Africa, 1917-1922. G.F.B.: Gaue Faka Buleaga (On Government Service), overprint on stamps of Tonga officials. G.L.C. Courier: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 G.N.: (Sp.) Gobierno National, National (Official Government), perforation on stamps of Venezuela, since 1915. G.N.R.: (It.) Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana, (Republican National Guard), 1943, Dec. 20: overprint on local stamps of North Italy, printing stopped Dec. 23; authorities ordered more printed in 1944 due to speculation in original stamps, 1944, Aug. 30: overprints became invalid. G.O.: Philippines official overprint. G.P. de M.: (Sp.) Gobierno Provisional de Mexico (Provisional Government of Mexico) overprint on stamps of Mexico, 1916-18. G.P.: Guadeloupe; country code as used by the UPU. G.P.E.: overprint on stamps of French Colonies, Guadeloupe, 1884-91. G.P.M.: overprint on stamps of Mexico, for Oaxaca revenue issues. G.P.O. Authorized Service: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 G.P.P.: General Post Paid, Britain, 1799-1829. G.R. Mafia, G.R. Post Mafia: British occupation Mafia Island; off German East Africa. G.R.I.: Georgius Rex Imperator (George, King & Emperor) 1: New Britain overprint on stamps of German New Guinea, Marshall Islands, 1914. 2: overprint on stamps of German Samoa, for Samoa under Britain, 1914. G.R.V., Geo. V., G.V.: King George Fifth. G.R.VI., Geo. VI., G.VI.: King George Sixth. G.S.: Government Storekeeper, South Australia official overprint, 1868-74. G.W.: Guinea-Bissau; country code as used by the UPU. G.W.R. Air Mail: Great Western Railway semiofficial air mail stamp for service between Cardiff, Wales and Plymouth, started May 15, 1933, discontinued Sept. 30, 1933. G.W.S.T.: Great Western Station, Britain. G.W:.overprint on stamps of Cape of Good Hope for Griqualand West. G: 1: Auction term for good condition. 2: Insured Letter; Scott catalog number prefix to identify stamps other than standard postage. 3: Symbol for Guilford Gravure, which appears before the plate number on coil stamps. 4: Auction term for good condition. 5: German catalogue abbreviation for gold overprint or surcharge. 6: with eagle and United States of America; Pennsylvania Custom House revenue seal. 7: Gourde, currency unit of Haiti. 8: Guarani, currency unit of Paraguay. 9: Gum Disturbance. 10: Grenada; country code as used by the UPU. 11: overprint on stamps of Cape of Good Hope for Griqualand West, 1877-80. 12: Gouvernement; overprint on official stamps of Canada, replaced the previous official overprint O.H.M.S. as the result of complaints from French Canadians. 13: inscription, yellow background, US non-denominated stamp, valued 20¢, placed on sale Dec. 13, 1994. 14: inscription, white background, US non-denominated stamp, valued 32¢, placed on sale Dec. 13, 1994. 15: blue background, US non-denominated stamp, valued 25¢, placed on sale Dec. 13,1994. 16: inscription, green background, US non-denominated stamp, valued 5¢, placed on sale Dec.13,1994. GA: 1: USPS abbreviation for Georgia. 2: abbreviation for Ganzsache: (Ger.) postal stationery. 3: Gabon, country code as used by the UPU. GAB, Gabon: handstamp overprint on stamps of French Colonies for Gabon, 1886-89; see Afrique Equatoriale Francaise. GAOR: British Army on the Rhine, WWII. GAPA: Guichets dAffranchissement Postal Automatique (Fr.) French all-digital postage meter machine, 1993. GAPO: Base Army Post Depot, British military cancel for Indian Army. GB used: stamps of Great Britain used abroad (mainly Jamaica). GB: 1: universal abbreviation for Great Britain. 2: international postal code for the United Kingdom.. GB: Colombia Scadta consular overprint for Great Britain. GD Liban: overprint on stamps of France, Lebanon, during French Mandate. GD-OT: (Ger., Czech.) overprint on the Bohemia and Moravia newspaper stamp in German and Czech language for commercial printed matter, 1939. GDR: German Democratic Republic, East Germany GE: Georgia; country code as used by the UPU. GEJ: George E. Jacobs, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher, Siderographer. GEX: French local, 1944 GF: 1: Gold Fields, South Australia official overprint, 1868-74. 2: French Guiana; country code as used by the UPU. GFH: George F. Henlock, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher, Siderographer. GH: Ghana; country code as used by the UPU. GHD: George H. Davis, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher, Siderographer. GI: Gibraltar; country code as used by the UPU. GL O.Z.: Haiti provisional overprint. GL. O.A. 7 Fev. 1914: overprint on stamps of Haiti, General Oreste Zamor, future president, 1914. GLD: 1. Guilder, currency of Netherlands. 2. George L. Dant, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher, Siderographer. GLH: George L. Huber, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher, Siderographer. GLOWING $5: U. S. $5 Hamilton stamp variety printed on experimental luminescent paper. GM: Gambia; country code as used by the UPU. GMAI: Greg Manning Auctions, Inc. (USA). GMF: general mail facility, a USPS mail processing hub. GN: Guinea; country code as used by the UPU. GOMAP: Good Offices Mission to Afghanistan and Pakistan. GP: Government Printer, South Australia official overprint, 1868-74. GPCI: Grand Prix Club International. GPO: General Post Office. GPU: see General Postal Union. GQ: Equatorial Guinea; country code as used by the UPU. GR: Greece; country code as used by the UPU. GRI Long Island: inscribed local issue for island of Long Island, Gulf of Smyrna. GRI Postage: inscribed local issue for island of Long Island, Gulf of Smyrna. GRN: international postal code for Greenland. GS: 1: Ganzsache: (Ger.) postal stationery, entire. 2: South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands; country code as used by the UPU. 3. Gabriel Swart, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher, Siderographer. GSM: Gibbons Stamp Monthly, Great Britain. GSW: Gibbons Stamp Weekly, Great Britain. GT. Pre: Gouvernement Provisiore (Provisional Government) overprint on provisional stamps of Haiti, 1902. GT: Goolwa Tramway, South Australia official overprint, 1868-74. GT: Guatemala; country code as used by the UPU. GTT: George T. Tyser, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher, Siderographer. GU: USPS abbreviation for Guam. GW: Gus. Willie, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher, Siderographer. GWB: George W. Barber, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher, Siderographer. GY: 1: Marine Insurance; Scott catalog number prefix to identify stamps other than standard postage. 2: Guyana; country code as used by the UPU. Ga.: (Sp.) pre-adhesive postmark from Galacia, Spain. Gabon A.E.F.: postage due stamps, 1928, Afrique Equatorial Francais. Gabon Afrique Equatoriale: inscription used on stamps of Gabon, 1910-22. Gabon Timbre: (Fr.) handstamps on postage due stamps of French Colonies. Gabon, Congo Francaise: inscription used on stamps of Gabon, 1910. Gabon: inscription on stamps of Gabon, 1904-07 Gabonaise Republique: Republic of Gabon; former French Equatorial Africa -west coast of Africa; currency: 100 centimes = 1 CFA franc 1862: earliest office in Libreville, routed mail via British PO at Fernando Po, used French Colonies General issues, 1886, July 31: No.1, 5 centimes red on green, stamps of French Colonies handstamped GAB and surcharged, 1889-1904: combined with, and used stamps of French Congo, then became part of French Equatorial Africa, 1904, Oct. 15: stamps of Navigation and Commerce inscribed Gabon, 1910: Congo Française Gabon inscription, followed by Afrique Equatorial Gabon, 1915: first semipostal issued, 1928: first postage due issued, P.D. stamps of France overprinted Gabon, 1936-59: used stamps of French Equatorial Africa, 1946: became an Overseas Territory of France, 1958: became autonomous within French community, 1959: inscription used on stamps of Gabon, 1960: full independence with Republique Gabonaise inscription, 1960: first air mail, depicting Dr. Schweitzer, issued, 1961, July 17: joined the UPU, 1968: first official with map of Gabon, issued; see Chad, French Congo, French Equatorial Africa. Gabun: (Ger.) Gabon. Gadiach: local post, Russian Zemstvo, 1884-1913; also known as Gadyach. Gagauzia: bogus issue from Moldova, not valid for postage. Gaguzia: Moldova, cinderella local, mid 1960s. Gahagan & Howe (G & H): U.S. local post, San Francisco, Ca.. 1849-70. Gainsville, Al. Paid 5, Paid 10: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Gairsay: Scottish local post in Orkney Islands, 1970s. Gaithers City & Suburban Express Company: parcel firm serviced an unknown area; used a stamp; year unknown. Gal Courier Mail Service: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971. Galama: advertisement of German origin. Galapagos Islands: Pacific Ocean, 500 miles west of Ecuador; 1957, July 15: Ecuador issued set inscribed Islas Galapagos, 1959: triangular stamp issued by Ecuador, 1959: first commemorative issued, 1973: a province of Ecuador; see Barrel mail. Galaroza: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist, 1937. Galata: city in Turkey, overprint on stamps of Russia, Offices in Turkish Empire, 1909-10. Galathea, S.S.: steamship marking of the Danube Steam Navigation Company built around 1850s, for lower Danube lines. Galati: formerly Galatz, Romania. Galben-lamîie: (Rom.) lemon-yellow (color). Galben-oliv: (Rom.) olive-yellow (color). Galben: (Rom.) yellow (color). Galbui: (Rom.) yellowish (color). Galdames: (Sp.) overprint on Republican stamps issued in Burgos in 1937 for air mail; never used, city and stamps captured by Nationalists. Gales: (Sp.) Wales. Galicia, Eastern: part of Austro-Hungarian Empire; 1918: stamps of Austria overprinted Ykp. H.P, 1919: various stamps issued for short-lived independent state, 1920: came under control of Poland. Galioub: Egypt, see Interpostal seals, 1864-84. Galipoli: Ottoman Empire, Egyptian seals for overseas offices, see Interpostal seals, 1868. Gallaway, M. C.: postmaster, Memphis, Tenn., issued Confederate Postmasters Provincial stamp and envelope. Gallin: Egypt, see Interpostal seals, 1880. Galvano: (Fr.) electrotyped plate. Galveston, Tex. Paid 5, Paid 10: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Galvinisk fälling: (Swed.) electroplating. Gambia: former British colony, west coast of Africa; currency: 12 pence = 1 shilling, 100 bututs = 1 dalasy (1971) 1821: part of Sierra Leone, 1843: separate colony, 1869, Jan: No.1, 4 pence pale brown, first stamps, picturing Queen Victoria, 1888: British Crown Colony, 1963: became self-governing, 1965, Feb. 18: independent within the Commonwealth, name changed to The Gambia, 1970, April 24: named a republic, 1974, Oct. 9: joined the UPU, 1981, Dec.: agreed to merge with Republic of Senegal, 1982, Feb. 1: new name is Senegambia. Gambia: polar bear; unissued Great Britain cinderella by David Horry, 2001. Gambie: (Fr.) Gambia. Gambiers: ocean island group, bogus overprints, 1877. Gambilla: French bicycle fantasy. Gandershe: inscription on stamps of Somalia. Gandia: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican, 1937. Ganzachenalbum: (Ger.) cover album. Ganzbrief: (Ger.) entire cover.. Ganzsache (GA, GS): (Ger.) postal stationery, entire. Ganzsachen, postamtliche: (Ger.) official postal stationery. Ganzsachen, private: (Ger.) private postal stationery. Ganzstück: (Ger.) entire piece. Gap: unprinted space between the ends of two printed precanceling lines, indicating the seam between the mat; if the gap falls on the joint line, it is known as a ‘line gap.’ plates. Garage Hudson: local post, Barranquilla, Colombia, 1924. Garanti: (Dan., Fr.) guaranteed. Garantie: (Ger.) guarantee. Garantieschein: (Ger.) marking applied to stamps by the issuing agency indicting that the stamp is genuine and valid for postal use; also experts mark. Garantistempel: (Dan.) guarantee mark. Garbage card: nickname given to the full-face portrait of the McKinley postal card (1902) that was supposedly destroyed; one box of 500 was sold by post office imprinted with name of a garbage firm. Garch: Nejd, currency unit of Saudi Arabia. Garder: (Fr.) to keep, to save. Gardiner, Charles K.: postmaster, Washington, D. C. 1845-49, issued provisional stamped envelopes in 5 and 10 cent values. Gardner, Beer & Co.: see Private die match proprietary stamps. Gare: (Fr.) station (railway). Gargoyle Motor Express: parcel delivery firm serviced Detroit, Mich area; used stamps, booklets; year unknown. Garrucha: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist, Republican, 1937. Garstang & Knot End Railway: British local post. Garzon: Tolima, Colombia provisional label,1894. Gastado: (Sp.) worn. Gaston, N. C. Paid 5: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Gata, Gato: (Sp.) cat (thematic). Gates, William Sons: see Private die match proprietary stamps. Gates, Wm.: see Private die match proprietary stamps. Gatto: (It.) cat (thematic). Gauche: (Fr.) left. Gaucin: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist,1937. Gaufré (papier): (Fr.) embossed paper. Gauge: number of perforation holes in a length of 20 mm. Gauthier Freres & Cie.: (Fr.) Trans-Atlantic local, 1857. Gaveradiobrev (GOL): (Dan.) radio letter combined with a gift, started in Denmark in 1932. Gay & Cos Express: private mail and parcel firm that serviced eastern cities; used labels, 1847-48. Gay, Kinsley & Co.: U. S. local post handstamp, serviced Boston, Mass., and other major eastern cities; used labels, 1848. Gayalonga: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist,1937. Gays Express: private mail firm serviced Boston and New York City, used labels, 1845-46. Gaza, Territory of: located on shore of Mediterranean Sea around town of Gaza, in Gaza Strip; 1917-48: Great Britains Palestine Mandate from the League of Nations, 1948, May 15: controlled by Egypt, 1948: first postage due, air mail issued, 1948, June 1-June 1967: Palestineoverprint on stamps of Egypt, 1956, Oct. 29-March 7, 1957: occupied by Israel, used stamps of Israel, 1965, Jan. 15: UNEF, United Nations Emergency Force, 1967, June-Jan. 1980: occupied by Israel, used stamps of Israel. Gazeta: (Rom.) newspaper. Gazetei: Romania. Gazette Moldov: cinderella used in movie The Truth About Charlie a remake of Charade. Gb: German catalogue abbreviation for yellow overprint or surcharge. Gdansk: (Pol.) Polish name for Danzig; see Danzig. Gdof: local post, Russian Zemstvo, 1874-1912. Gebet: (Dan.) territory, see Område. Gebiet: (Ger.) district. Gebot: (Ger.) bid, bid sheet. Gebraucht: (Ger.) used. Gebrochen: (Ger.) broken. Gebrüenfreiheitsmarke: (Ger.) free frank handstamp, or label. Gebt fur die Winterhilfe der freienWohlfahrtspflege Wir Wollen helfen: (Ger.) Give for Winter Relief Welfare Care. We want to help, Germany cancel, 1932. Gebyr: (Dan.) late fee. Gebyrmärken: (Swed.) late fee postage stamp, special services postage stamp. Gebyrmærke: (Dan.) Late fee stamp. Gebyrmærke: (Dan.) late fee stamp. Gebühr bezahlt: (Ger.) postage paid. Gebühr: (Ger.) tax, a compulsory payment, such as a postage due tax.. Gebührenfrei : (Ger.) free of charge. Gebürhrenmarke für briefzutellung: (Ger.) authorized delivery stamp, correspondence. Gebürhrenmarke für paketzustellung: (Ger.) authorized delivery stamp, parcel post. Gebürhrenmarke: (Ger.) fiscal stamp. Gedda: Hejaz, Egyptian seals for overseas office; see Interpostal seals, 1867. Gedenkausgabe: (Ger.) commemorative. Gedenkblatt: (Ger.) souvenir page. Gedenkbogen: (Ger.) souvenir sheet. Gedenkmarke: (Ger.) commemorative stamp. Gedruckt: (Ger.) printed. Gefalzt: (Ger.) hinged. Geffälligkeitsstempelung: (Ger.) canceled to order, stamps canceled by postal authorities without having been used for postage. Gefälligkeits-gestempelt: (Ger.) cancelled to order. Gefälscht: (Ger.) forged, counterfeit. Gegittert: (Ger.) quadrille. Gehalveers: (Dut.) bisected stamp. Geislingen: German, displaced persons camp local post, 1947. Geknickt: (Ger.) folded, creased. Gel./A: gelesen Abwehr (Ger.) read by military security, appears as a boxed square on outgoing military mail. Gelatin: a varnish coating on a postcard that produces a glossy surface. Gelb: (Ger.) yellow (color). Gelblich: (Ger.) yellowish when used in combination with other colors. Gelegenheits-ausgabe: (Ger.) special or commemorative issue. Gelibolu: formerly Gallipoli, Turkey. Gelida: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican,1937. Gelochte marke: (Ger.) perfin. Gelsenkirchen: German local post, 1897-98. Gemeinnutziger Verein Stadtbrefbeforderung: local, Dresden, Germany about 1908. Gemini News Service: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 Gen Gouv. Warschau: overprint on stamps of Germany, Warsaw, Poland, German occupation 1916-17. Genalguacil: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist,1937. General Gouvernement Deutsches Reich/Grossdeutsches Reich: inscription on stamps of Germany for German Occupation of Poland. General Gouvernement: overprint on stamps of Poland for German Occupation, 1940-44. General Government of Poland: area of Poland occupied by Germany in both World Wars; 1915, May 12: occupied by Germany, 1939, Dec.1: overprint Deutsche Post Osten on stamps of Germany, then special stamps for area. 1940: overprint General Gouvernment on stamps of Germany. General Grant Expedition: inscription on local/phantom post of Auckland Islands; used to raise money to retrieve gold from sunken ship General Grant, 1866. General Postal Union (GPU): forerunner of the Universal Postal Union; 1863: U.S. Postmaster General Montgomery Blair organized the Paris Postal Conference, 1873: Heinrich von Stephan renewed concept, 1874: convened in Switzerland, 1878: renamed Universal Postal Union. General collection: a collection of the entire world rather than a specialized collection of one or more countries or topics. General delivery: USPS term that allows customers with identification to pick up mail at post offices. General issue: 1: stamps that are issued for ordinary postage use, rather than for air mail, postage due, etc. 2: British revenue stamps for use in America, 1765-66 Generalsammler: (Ger.) general collector. Geneva: United Nations Post Office(s) 1950-63, 1969- Geneva: in southwestern part of Switzerland, 1843-48: Switzerland local canton inscription, 1850: Swiss federal stamps issued. Gennemsnit: (Dan.) average quality. Gennemstiking, gennemstukket: (Dan.) roulette perforation, rouletted perforation. Gennemstukken i kors: (Dan.) rouletted perforation in the shape of diamonds. Gennemstukken i linier: (Dan.) rouletted perforation in the shape of lines. Gennemstukken i punkter: (Dan.) rouletted perforation in the shape of pin holes. Gennemstukken i rombisk: (Dan.) rouletted perforation in the shape of lozenges. Gennemstukken i savtakket: (Dan.) rouletted perforation in saw tooth shape. Genoa: also known as Genova, Italy. Genomstick: (Swed.) roulette perforation. Georg Butow: stamp dealer’s overprint on stamps of Germany. Georges Post (Lutton): United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 Georgetown, S.C. Paid 5: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Georgia e Sandwich del Sud: (It.) Georgia and South Sandwich Islands. Georgia: first federal issue revenue of US, July 1, 1798-Feb. 28, 1801. Georgia: south of Russia on the Black Sea;. currency: 100 kopecks = 1 ruble, 100 kopecks = 1 coupon (1993), 100 tetri = 1 lari (1995) 1918, May 22: declared independence, formerly province of the Russian Empire, 1919-1920: British occupation forces issued stamps for city of Batum, 1921, Feb. 27: occupied by the Red Army, proclaimed Soviet Republic, 1922: stamps of the Soviet Socialist Republic, 1922: first semipostal stamp issued, 1922, Mar. 12: joined Transcaucasion Federation of Soviet Republics 1924: stamps of Georgia replaced by stamps of the Transcaucasion Federation of Soviet Republics, 1993, April 1: joined the UPU, 1993, July 31: first stamp as Republic of Georgia, 1994, Mar.1: joined with other former Soviet states to form the Commonwealth of Independent States. Georgian: stamp pertaining to King George V, VI of Great Britain. Georgien: (Ger., Swed.) Georgia. Georgienne, Republique: inscription used on stamps of Georgia, 1919. Georgisk: (Swed.) Georgian. Gepr.: (Ger.) expertized. Geprüft Abwh: (Ger.) checked by military security marking. Geprüft: (Ger.) see Expertize. Gera: 1: Germany local, courier mail, 1893. 2: German private courier local, 1897-1900. 3: Dick & Stutz local courier service, 1890-91. 4: Hausler Express package, local,1886-92. Gerards Post: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 Gerauchert: (Ger.) disinfected (mail). Gereiniget: (Ger.) disinfected (mail). Gerichtskostenmarke: (Ger.) Austrian court fee revenue stamp. Geriffelt: (Ger.) ribbed. German Administration of Albania: 1943; see Albania German Administration of Danzig: 1939, see Danzig German Administration of Marhsall Islands: 1899; see Marshall Islands. German Administration of Marianas: May 1900; see Mariana Islands. German Administration of Samoa: 1900; see Samoa. German Cameroons (Kamerun): see Cameroon. German Colonies Study Group: collectors of postal history and stamps of the former German Colonies and Post Offices Abroad,1870 to 1917, and WWI occupations thereof. German Democratic Republic: aka East Germany, former Soviet occupied zone; currency: 100 pfennigs = 1 deutschemark, 100 pfennigs = 1 mark of the Deutsche Notenbank (MDN) (1965), 100 pfennigs = 1 mark of the National Bank (1969), 100 pfennigs = 1 Deutsche mark (West) (1990) 1946: Allied Occupation issues, but Soviet Zone stamp issued inscribedDeutsche Post, 1948, July 3: Soviets had stamps handstamped with district names and numbers, followed by provisional overprint Sowjetische / Besatzubnngs / Zone, 1948, Aug. 29: German semipostal used in Russian Zone, 1949, Oct. 1: established inscription Deutsche Demokratische Republic, first used Mar. 2, 1950, 1949, Oct. 30: first semipostal Deutsche Post issued, 1954: first official issued, originally sold used only, 1957, Dec. 13: first airmail issued, 1990, Oct. 3: reunited with (West) Germany. German East Africa: German colony in East Africa bordering on the Indian Ocean; currency: 64 pesa = 1 rupee, 100 heller = 1 rupee (1905), 100 centimes = 1 franc (1916), 12 pence = 1 shilling (1919), 100 cents = 1 rupee (1917), 12 pence = 1 shilling = 100 cents = 1 rupee (1917) 1858: Arabian caravan route carried letters, 1876: Church and London missionary Societies had regular runners, 1887: German East Africa Co. received charter to the area, 1890, Oct. 4-Oct. 20, 1917: German stamps used, 1891: named German East Africa by Germany, 1893, July 1: No. 1, 2 pesa brown, first stamps issued by Germans, with surcharge Deutsche Ostafrika, 1900: inscription Deutsche Ostafrika used, 1914, Oct. 1-July 31, 1915: German East Africa stamps used for FPOs, 1914-18: Allied occupation stamps of India used with overprint I.E.F .(Indian Expeditionary Forces); East Africa and Uganda issues overprinted G.E.A. 1916: stamps of Germany salvaged from cruiser Königsberg, 1916: British ceded to Belgium provinces of Ruanda and Urundi (Belgian East Africa); stamps of Belgian Congo handstamped Ruanda, and Est Africain Allemand Occupation Belge, and Kionga area to Portugal which became part of the Mozambique Colony, 1916: stamps of Nyasaland Protectorate overprinted N.F., 1917: stamps of East Africa and Uganda overprint for British mandate, G.E.A. 1918: stamps of Belgian Congo overprinted A.O. Afrique Orientale (East Africa) as semipostals, 1920s: mourning label issued by German stamp dealer Sigmund Hartig, 1920: mandated to Great Britain as Mandated Territory of Tanganyika, now part of the Republic of Tanzania. German Empire States that issued stamps: Baden, Bavaria, Bergedorf, Bremen, Brunswick, Hamburg, Hanover, Lubeck, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Oldenburg, Prussia, Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, and Württemburg. German Empire: 1. Australasia (Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Marhsall Islands, Palau, Samoa); Cameroon, German East Africa, German New Guinea, German South West Africa (Namibia), Kiauchau, Mariana Islands, Marhsall Islands, Togo. 2. just south of Denmark, on Baltic Sea; 1871: German Empire formed, 1872: first German Empire issue, 1903: first semipostal issued, 1919: first air mail stamps issued, 1919: Empire ceased to exist, then became an Empire again with the proclamation of the Third Reich in 1933. (The 1st Reigh was the Holy Roman Empire, the 2nd was in 1871.) German Federal Republic: see Germany. German Inflation Period: after World War I; due to the Versailles Treaty reparations, inflation and economic depression, value of the currency fell sharply, stamps were produced and surcharged but were obsolete by the time they reached the post offices with the peak a 50-billion-mark stamp late in 1923. German Kamerun: see Kamerun. German Mailboats: see Mailboats. German New Guinea: eastern portion of the island of New Guinea; former German protectorate made up of part of New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago, currency: 100 pfennigs = 1 mark 1884: Germany annexed northern area of island of New Guinea, used German stamps, 1897: German colonial stamps, boundaries of Dutch, German and British spheres settled, 1897: No.1, 3 pfennigs brown, German colonial stamps used, overprinted or inscribed Deutsch Neu-Guinea, 1900: first stamps issued, 1906, Nov. 8: British New Guinea stamps overprinted, 1914: occupied by Allied Forces, placed under Australian administration, renamed New Britain 1914, Oct: overprint GRI with value, on German colonial stamps, 1914, Dec.: overprinted stamps of Marshall Islands used, 1915: first official stamps with surcharge G.R.I. and O.S., 1915, Mar.: stamps of Australia overprinted N.W. Pacific Islands for use in Nauru and German New Guinea, 1920s: mourning label issued by German stamp dealer Sigmund Hartig, 1920: mandated to Australia by League of Nations, issued stamps as territory of New Guinea, currently part of Papua New Guinea. 1925: first stamps, first official stamps, inscribed Territory of New Guinea, 1931, June: first air mail stamp, 1942: Japanese invasion, Australia and New Zealand forces post offices used in New Guinea, 1945, Oct. 30: civil administration restored; trust territory combined Papua and New Guinea; see New Guinea, British; New Guinea, West; and Papua and New Guinea. German Occupation of Belgium: 1914: stamps of Germany overprinted Belgien, WW II: Belgium used own stamps, see Belgium. German Occupation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania: 1916-18: stamps of Germany overprinted Postgebiet Ob.Ost, 1918: stamps of Russia surcharged for use in Tartu (Dorpat), 1941, Sept. 29- April 30, 1942: Germans stamps inscribed Eastland Eesti with swastika, for use in Tartu district of Estonia, 1941, Sep. 29: first semipostal issued inscribed Eastland Eesti, 1941-43: stamps of Germany overprinted Ostland, then stamps of USSR used. German Occupation of France: (Alsace and Lorraine); 1870: stamps inscribed Postes Centime, 1916: stamps of Germany surcharged, 1940: stamps of Germany overprinted Elsas and Lothringen (Lorraine). German Occupation of Guernsey: Guernsey Postage stamps issued, 1941. German Occupation of Latvia: 1919: stamps of Germany overprinted Libau. German Occupation of Lithuania: 1916-17: overprint on stamps of Germany. German Occupation of Ljubljana: 1944: stamps of Italy overprinted / surcharged Provinz Ljublianska Laibach German Occupation of Luxembourg: 1940: stamps of Germany overprinted and surcharged in German currency, 1942-44: German stamps used. German Occupation of Montenegro: 1943: stamps of Yugoslavia overprinted / surcharged Deutsche Miltaer Verwaltung Montenegro 1944: stamps of Yugoslavia and Montenegro overprinted for semipostal use. German Occupation of Poland: 1915, May 12: stamps of Germany overprinted Russisch Polen or Gen.-Gouv. Warschau 1939, Dec.: stamps of Germany overprinted Deutsche Post Osten, 1940-44: General Gouvernement issues, 1940, April: first official stamps, 1940, Aug.17: first semipostal issued. German Occupation of Romania: 1917-18: stamps of Germany overprinted M.V.i.R., (Military Administration of Romania) or Rumanien, 1918: first postage due issued. German Occupation of Russia: 1941: stamps of Germany overprinted Ostland. German Occupation of Serbia: 1941: stamps of Yugoslavia overprinted Serbien. German Occupation of Ukraine: 1919: stamps of Germany overprinted Ukraine, 1941-43: stamps of Germany overprinted Ukraine. German Occupation of Zante: an Ionian Island; 1943: overprint on stamps of Italy, used 8 days, then used stamps of Greece. German Occupation of the Ionian Islands: 1943: used stamps of Greece except for the handstamp overprint Isole Joine for island of Zante. German Offices in China: currency: 100 pfennings = 1 mark, 100 cents - 1 dollar (1905) 1886, Aug.16: Shanghai postal agency opened, German stamps used, 1898: stamps of Germany overprinted China used, 1900: issues for Foochow and Tientsin, 1917, March 17: all offices closed because China broke relations with Germany. German Post Office in Zanzibar: 1890, Aug. 27: opened with arrival of German mail boat, used stamps of Germany, 1891, July 31: post office closed. German Post Offices in Turkish Empire: 1870, March 1-1872: Pera office opened, used stamps of North German Confederation 1872-84: used stamps of Germany, 1884: German issues surcharged in Turkish currency 1914, Sept. 30: all offices closed. German Post offices in Morocco: currency: 100 centimos = 1 peseta 1899, Dec.: stamps of Germany overprinted / surcharged Marocco or Marokko 1911: last German stamps issued, 1914, Aug. 3: French zone office closed, 1919, June 16: Spanish zone office closed, stamps became obsolete, see Morocco. German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia: 1939, July 15: stamps of Czechoslovakia overprinted / inscribed Böhmen u Mãhren, Cechy a Morava, 1939: postage due stamps issued, 1940, June 29: semipostal stamps issued, 1941, Jan, 1: official stamps issued. German Protectorates: 1887, June 1: joined the UPU, 1902, feb. 24: changed UPU affiliation to include Africa, Asia and Australia. German Samoa: islands northeast of New Zealand, eastern half of island group; 1899, pre: administered jointly by Britain, Germany and the U.S., 1899: Britain withdrew, used overprinted stamps of Germany, 1900: first stamps without overprints issued, followed by German colonial stamps 1914, Aug. 29: occupied by New Zealand, German stamps overprinted with value in sterling, overprint Samoa on stamps of New Zealand, 1920: mandated to New Zealand by the League of Nations; currently Samoa; see Samoa. German SouthWest Africa: north of South Africa on south Atlantic; currency: 100 pfennig = 1 mark 1884, April 24: proclaimed a German protectorate, 1888, July 8: used stamps of Germany, 1897, March: No.1, 3 pfennigs dark brown, German colonial stamps used overprinted Deutsch Sudwest Afrika, 1914-15: occupied by South Africa and their stamps used, 1920: country mandated to Union of South Africa by the United Nations, 1920s: mourning label issued by German stamp dealer Sigmund Hartig, 1923: named South West Africa with own stamps, currently Namibia. German States: Germany consisted of large number of states prior to the formation of the German Empire; each issued their own stamps; Baden, Bavaria, Bergedorf, Bremen, Brunswick, Hamburg, Hanover, Lübeck, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Oldenburg, Prussia, Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Württemberg; other states used stamps of Thurn and Taxis postal administration. 1868: North German Confederation formed, 1871: German Empire formed, all states except Bavaria and Württemberg stopped issuing stamps, 1918: Bavaria and Württemberg stopped issuing their own stamps, 1945: Baden and Württemberg issued their own stamps as part of the French zone of occupation. German Togo: 1897: stamps of Germany overprinted Togo. German air labels: pre-WW I, portraits of early German airmen and the royal family; privately printed for forces personnel to apply to their mail, which was post free. German type: a form of printer’s type seen with elaborate lettering used mainly on German stamp overprints; also called Gothic. German-American Seapost: international sea post on North German Lloyd ships, 1890. German-Austrian Postal Union: Wurttemberg joined in 1851. Germania Occidentale: (It.) Germany Germania Orientale: (It.) German Democratic Republic. Germania, S.S.: steamship marking of the Danube Steam Navigation Company built around 1840s, for lower Danube lines. Germania: 1: symbolic figure of the German Empire from a portrait of Anna von Stratz-Fuhring, a Wagnerian opera star. 2: (It.) Germany. Germany Scadta: Colombian airline postal service, 1921-23. Germany, Eastern Command: comprised of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania; 1916: overprint on stamps of Germany Postebit Ob Ost. Germany, French Zone of: 1945: general stamps valid throughout zone, then stamps for Baden, Rhineland Palatinate, Saar and Wurttemberg.1949: replaced by Federal Republic of Germany. Germany, Postal Code Districts: see Postal Codes, Germany. Germany, Soviet Zone: eastern portion of occupied Germany; 1945: see Berlin-Brandenberg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 1946-48: occupation issues for American, British and Russian zones, 1948: separate stamps for Berlin issued, 1949: country divided into West Germany (German Federal Republic) and East Germany (German Democratic Republic) former Soviet Zone, each with own stamps. Germany, West Berlin: WW II end - Sept. 19, 1948: stamps of Anglo-American Zones of Germany valid, 1948: occupation issue of 1947 overprinted Berlin for Anglo-American areas, 1950, Jan. 20: stamps of West Berlin valid in Federal Republic of Germany. Germany: German Federal Republic; located in north-central Europe; official name of postal administration: Deutsche Post AG currency: 30 silbergroschen = 1 thaler, 60 kreuzer = 1 gulden, 100 pfennigs = 1 deutschemark (1948), 100 cents = 1 Euro (2002) 1867: North German Confederation formed, 1871: German Empire formed, 1872: No.1, 1/4 groschen violet, first German Empire issue, 1875, July 1: joined the UPU, 1903: first local official stamp issued for Prussia, 1918, Nov. 8: Emperor Wilhelm II abdicates, became Republic, renamed Deutsches Reich, 1919, June 1: Empire ceased to exist, Republic National Assembly issues, 1919, May 1: first semipostal issued, 1919, Nov. 10: first air mail stamp issued, 1919-21: Belgian occupation of Eupen & Malmedy portion, overprint Allemagne Duitschland, Eupen, Malmedyon Belgian stamps, 1920: first official stamp issued, 1923: inflation issues, 1931, Jan. 12: Allied Control Commission dissolved, 1939, Nov. 1: first newspaper stamps issued, 1942: military stamps issued for Allied occupation, 1945-46: French occupation, 1945-46: A.M.G. occupation issues for civilian use in American, British and Russian zones, 1945-46: Zone Francaise issues for civilian use in French zone of occupation, 1948: separate stamps for Berlin issued, see Berlin Germany, 1949: Russian occupation, first commemorative, semipostal stamps, 1949: Russian occupied areas became separate country, German Democratic Republic, 1949, Sept. 7: first stamps of Bundes Republic; semipostal issued, 1949, Sept. 21: country formally divided into West Germany (German Federal Republic) and East Germany (German Democratic Republic). 1949: Republic of West Germany with Allied zones of occupation, 1950: Deutsche Bundespost inscription first seen on stamps of West Germany. 1990, Oct. 3: German Democratic Republic (East Germany) reunited with Germany (West Germany); see Baden, Berlin, Rhine Palatinate, Württemberg. Germany: Zeitungs-Bucher-Spedition (Z.B.S.), local, 1896-97. Gerusalemme: (It.) overprint on stamps of Italy, Offices in Turkey, Jerusalem, 1909, Feb.-1911. Gescheidle stamps: (Ger.) see Blue Mauritius. Geschenk-päckchen: (Ger.) presentation pack. Geschnitten: (Ger.) imperforate. Gesellschaftsstempel: (Ger.) company postmark. Gesenk: (Ger.) die. Gessata carta: (It.) chalky paper. Gestempelt: (Ger.) canceled, postmarked. Gestrich: (Ger.) coated. Gestrichenes papier: (Ger.) laid paper. Gestörengummi: (Ger.) disturbed gum. Gesundheitshelfer: (Ger.) East Germany Red Cross label. Geteilt, Halbiert: (Ger.) bisected stamp cut in half, which has been used to pay the postage at half the face value of the original stamp; the bisect is collected on the original cover with the postmark or cancellation covering the cut. Getönt: (Ger.) toned. Gewerkschafts Bewegung 60 Jahre: Austria overprint. Gewöhnlich: (Ger.) common. Gezähnt (Gez.): (Ger.) perforated. Geöffnet: (Ger.) censor mark from German language countries. Gfr: Franc, currency of Guinea-Conarky. Ghadames Territoires Militaire: inscription on stamps of Libya, French Occupation, 1949. Ghadames: town in Libya; 1946: stamps of Italy and Libya overprinted Fezzan Occupation Français, 1949, April 12: occupied by Free French forces, stamps issued under French administration, 1951, Dec. 24: became part of independent Libya; see Fezzan-Ghadames, Libya. Ghadames Territoires Militaire: inscription on stamps of Libya, French Occupation, 1949. Ghana Independence: overprint on stamps of Gold Coast, Ghana, 1961. Ghana: west Africa between Benin and the Ivory Coast; former British West Africa colony of Gold Coast; official name of postal administration: Ghana Postal Services Corporation currency: 12 pence = 1 shillling, 20 shillings = 1 pouni, 100 pesewas = 1 cedi (1965, 1972), 100 new pesewas = 1 new cedi (1967) 1875-1928: first stamps issued in British colonial keytype, 1957, March 6: No.1, 2 pence rose/red, renamed Ghana as independent dominion, includes British Togoland, 1957, Oct. 10: joined the UPU, 1959, Oct. 5: first air mail issued, 1958, June 25: first postage due issued, 1960, July 1: named republic within British Commonwealth. 1961: postal authorities sold remainders of their stamps canceled-to-order, 1997, Aug. 12: first semipostal. Ghent: also known as Gand, Gent; Belgium Ghetou: (Rom.) ghetto. Ghirga: Egypt, see Interpostal seals, 1872-80. Ghirlandaio Christmas 1975: U. S. non-denominated postage stamp, value 10¢, 1975. Ghiseh: Egypt, see Interpostal seals, 1872-80. Ghorush: Turkey currency unit. Ghost bidder: auction term for bidding against a ghost. Ghost stamps: a portrait or scene shown in some detail of original design. Ghost towns: towns that were formerly post offices. Ghost: a light double printing apart from the normal inked stamp impression caused by mis-registration and incorrect printing procedures, may also be caused by phosphor inking picking up a design. Ghudamis: formerly Ghadames, Libya. Ghurush: unit of currency in Turkey from 1926. Giallo: (It.) yellow (color). Giamaica: (It.) Jamaica Giapiks: currency unit in Azerbaijan. Giappone: (It.) Japan. Gibbons (Stanley) Post: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 Gibbons Catalogue Number: number assigned to a philatelic item by British Stanley Gibbons editors according to that publishers criteria for such assignment. Gibilterra: (It.) Gibraltar. Gibraleon: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist,1936-38. Gibraltar: located on southern tip of Spain, as British colony; currency: 12 pence = 1 shilling, 20 shillings = 1 pound, 100 centimos = 1 peseta (1889), 100 pence = 1 pound (1971) 1857: British stamps used with G and A 26 cancels, 1886, Jan.1: No.1, 1/2 penny green, overprint on stamps of Bermuda for Gibraltar, 1886, Dec.: first own definitives, 1886-98: stamps used by the British post offices in Morocco, overprinted Morocco Agencies, 1907: British stamps used in Morocco, 1918, April: first War Tax stamp issued, 1956, Dec. 1: first postage due issued. Gibraltar: rock of Gibraltar, four rocks, unissued Great Britain cinderella by David Horry, 2001. Gibuti: (It.) Djibouti Giessen: German local post, 1887-1900, 1923. Gilbber & Glico Islands: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from Surreal and Unreal Stickers. Gilbert & Elliceöarna: (Swed.) Gilbert & Ellice Islands. Gilbert & Sullivan Islands: North Mikado Island inscription, eight designs; unissued Great Britain cinderella by David Horry, 2001. Gilbert Islands: broke away from Gilbert and Ellice Islands; 1976, Jan. 2: issued commemorative stamps and became a Crown Colony, 1979: stamps replaced by stamps of Kiribati. Gilbert and Elise Islands: see Christmas island, Tuvalu. Gilbert and Ellice Islands: British protectorate in the Pacific Ocean, northeast of Australia; currency: 12 pence = 1 shilling, 20 shillings = 1 pound, 100 cents = 1 dollar (1966) 1892: annexed as British Protectorate, 1901: used stamps of New South Wales, 1911, Jan.1: No.1, 1/2 penny green, overprint on stamps of Fiji Gilbert & Ellice Protectorateas first issue, 1912: stamps of the British Colonial keytype inscribed Gilbert & Ellice Islands issued, 1915: became Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, 1916: Fanning and Washington Islands added to group, 1918: first War Tax stamp issued, 1919: Christmas Island added to group, 1940, Aug.: first postage due issued, 1976, Jan. 1: the two groups separated; Gilbert stayed with the original name, Ellice became Tuvalu, 1979, July 11: Gilbert became Kiribati. Gilbert and Ellice Protectorate: overprint on stamps of Fiji for Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Jan. 1, 1911. Gilbert et Ellice: (Fr.) Gilbert and Ellice Islands. Gilbert és Ellice Szigetek: (Hung.)Gilbert and Ellice Islands. Gilchrists Post: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 Gillett & Cos Express: private mail firm, serviced Boston and Newburyport, Mass., used labels, 1861-67. Gilligans Island: issued for supposed uncharted isle in Pacific created for popular television program. Gillpatricks Express: private mail firm serviced San Francisco and Antioch, Calif. via the steamboat Parthenius; used labels, 1874-78. Gills Postal Service: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 Gilmans Express: private mail delivery firm serviced Boston, Mass., and Bangor, Maine; used labels; 1844-48. Gilpin: name in oval handstamps Forwarded Through Gilpins Exchange Reading Room and Foreign letter Office N. York 1839-41, Gilpin received outgoing foreign mail for delivery to the post office. Gingin Islands: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from Surreal and Unreal Stickers. Giordania: (It.) Jordan Giori Press: sheetfed, multiolor, intaglio rotary presses used at the BEP to print in three colors. Giori: ink delivery system allowing a single plate to print up to three colors. Giornali Stampe: inscription on newspaper stamps of Sardinia and Italy, Italian States, 1861. Giresun: also known as Kerassunde or Kerason, Turkey. Girl with cap: full face, numerals in lower corners; imperforate are newspaper stamps of B & H under Austria; perforated issues are regular postage for B & H in Jugoslavia. Giro postal: (Sp.) used on fiscal stamps. Giro: 1: national banking group operated through post offices in several European countries. 2: on stamps of Spain; money order, fiscal use. Girona: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican,1937. Gisela, S.S.: steamship marking of the Danube Steam Navigation Company built around 1870s. Giumulzina: in province of Thrace in Turkish Empire, now Greek town of Komotini; 1913: stamps issued by Greece after occupation. Giurgevo, S.S.: steamship marking of the Danube Steam Navigation Company built around 1860/70s, for lower Danube lines or delta of the river. Gjennomstukken: (Nor.) rouletted perforation. Gjennomstukken: (Nor.) rouletted perforation. Gjirokaster: formerly known as Argyrokkastron, Albania. Glaceton: Antarctic fantasy issue. Glacé: (Fr.) glossy, glazed, enameled (paper). Gladstone: form of roulette separation, containing approximately 4 waves along the length of the stamp; tested in 1852-54, devised anonymously, named after Gladstone, then Chancellor of the Exchequer. Glanzpapier: (Ger.) glossy paper. Glascow & South Western Railway: Scotland local post. Glascow, Barrhead & Kilmarnock Railway: Scotland local post. Glasgow City Post: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 Glasgow Parks P.S.: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 Glasgow: 1: local for United Kingdom strike post, 1971. 2: Circular delivery Co., local, 1867. Glass, James B.: postmaster, Columbia, S.C., issued Confederate Postmasters Provisional. Glass, R.H.: postmaster, Lynchburg, Va., issued Confederate Provisional stamp and envelope. Glassine: a semi-transparent paper used to make envelopes for stamp and cover storage, also used for album interleaving. Glatt: (Ger.) smooth, shiny. Glauchau: German local, 1945. Glazed gum: result when stamps are stored under too much heat or pressure, melting the gum into a smooth, shiny condition that may reduce the value. Glazed paper: paper that has been given a glossy finish by glazing with friction of applied heat, instead of by coating. Glazof: local post, Russian Zemstvo, 1868-1914. Glb: (Ger.) abbreviation for yellow (color). Gleiwitz: Stadtbrief-Beforderung- Flora; German local, 1896-97. Glen Ellen Star: star cancel on stamps, used at Glen Allen, Va., 1870-80. Glen Haven Daily Mail: U.S. local post, Glen Haven. N. Y., 1854-58. Glenveagh: Donald Evans issue, Ireland. Glest bottentryck: (Swed.) thin background. Glider flight: flight by unpowered aircraft; a glider or sailplane. Glider mail: mail carried by glider; first carried Aug. 1923 in Rhineland, Germany using overprints on obsolete stamps of the 1919 series. Glion-Sur-Montreux: Switzerland hotel post, 1897, Hotel Bellevue. Global Priority Mail (GPM): A category of international mail that provides fast service at attractive rates to 27 countries. Global Priority Mail: an international USPS service that features a 4-business-day delivery to selected countries in Europe, the Pacific Rim and Canada. Globo de correos: (Sp.) balloon mail. Glossy gum: adhesive with a hard, shiny surface. Gloucester Emergency: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 Gloucester Philatelic Society, 1934: triangular label to promote their local show. Glow-Bar tagging: vertical bar of tagging on some postal stationery issues. Glutinous wash: term used by Roland Hill for the sticky liquid to be applied to the back of his adhesive postage so that it would affix to the envelope. Glyphography: 1842 patented process to produce printing surfaces in relief or recess. Gnadeloupe: spelling error of Guadeloupe overprint. Gnostis: mystical symbols, Donald Evans issue. Goat Island: Irish bogus stamps printed on water soluble paper. Goats eye: Brazil general issue of 1850 because they resemble eyes of a goat. Gob. Cons(t.): Gobierno Constitucionalista (Sp.) overprint on stamps of Mexico, Cuanajuanta-Neuva Leon, 1914. Gobierno Constitucionalista Aguascalientes: Mexican overprint on five stamps and one postage due label by revolutionary forces, 1914. Gobierno Constitucionalista Mexico: 1: 1914 overprint on stamps of Mexico, Oaxaca revenue issue. 2: inscription for Mexico, Sonora revenue issue. Gobierno Constitucionalista: overprint, see Aguascalientes. Gobierno Revolucionario: overprint on stamps of Mexico for Yucatan revenue issues. Gobierno: (Sp.) (government), overprint on stamps of Peru, making them official for departmental use. God eks: (Dan.) good example, fine copy. God eks: (Dan.) good example, fine copy. Godahoppsudden: (Swed.) Cape of Good Hope. Goddaba: Egypt, see Interpostal seals, 1872-82. Goddard, Robert H.: U. S. rocket scientist who pioneered liquid-filled rocket; launched first international mail flight, carrying 1,072 covers from McAllen, Texas to Reynosa, Mexico where they were stamped and postmarked, 1926. Goddess of Liberty: first U.S. postal cards depicted a bust of the Goddess of Liberty. Godella: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican,1937. Godfrey & Munros Express: private parcel firm serviced New Bedford, Mass., and New York City; used a label, year unknown. Goffratura: (It.) embossing. Goffrea: bogus issue, on information available. Gogo Island: stamp designs from Editions Pen, Swiss origin. Golaleey: inscription on stamps of Somalia. Gold Coast: west Africa between Dahomey and Ivory Coast; British colony and protectorate in West Africa; currency: 12 pence = 1 shilling, 20 shillings = 1 pound 1875-pre: mail handled by Sierra Leone, 1875, July 1: No.1, 1 penny blue, issued stamps, 1880: overprinted post cards, 1888: overprinted Gold Coast Colony registered letters, 1899: Gold Coast envelope stationery, 1918, June: first War Tax stamp issued, 1923: first postage due issued, 1957: became independent, 1957, March: renamed Ghana as independent dominion, issued first stamps, 1960: named republic within British Commonwealth. Gold foil: 1: artificial gold foil bonded to paper. 2: actual gold leaf, or very thin, fine gold bonded to paper. Gold, G: (Ger.) used as overprint or surcharge. Goldback, A & Co.: see Private die match proprietary stamps. Goldback, A.: see Private die match proprietary stamps. Goldbeaters Skin: A thin, tough, translucent paper. The 1886 issue of Prussia was printed in reverse on Goldbeaters Skin, with the gum applied over the printing. These stamps were brittle and were virtually impossible to remove from the paper to which they were affixed. Goldbeaters paper (skin): a thin, fragile transparent onionskin security paper, made by rubbing it with resin, used on the 1866 Prussian parcel stamps; not sold to the public, affixed to heavy packages only. Golden Casket: inscription on Queensland Railways stamps promoted the Golden Casket, a state lottery, to frank letters and packages shipped via the railroad. Golden Eagle National Park Service: issued stamp-like labels to be affixed to Golden Eagle passes, 1988. Goldküste: (Ger.) Gold Coast. Golfe de Benin: (Fr.) inscription, see Benin. Golfing Bears: nickname for 1922 issue of Karelia Coat of Arms stamps depicting a bear holding a long slender weapon in what appears to be a golfing stance. Golfo de Guinea: (Sp.) Spanish Guinea, 1907-49. Goliad, Tex. Postage 10: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Goma Molestarada: (Sp.) disturbed gum. Goma: (Port., Sp.) gum. Gomma Disturbita: (It.) original gum on an unused stamp which has been altered, usually by application of a hinge. Gomma: (It.) gum. Gomme: (Fr.) gum, the coating of glue on the reverse of an unused or mint postage stamp; see never hinged, lightly hinged, original gum, partial original gum, ungummed, unused gum. Gonzales, Tex., Colman & Law: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Good: a standard of grade. Goodall (London, New York): U.S. private die playing card stamp. Goodall proofs: proofs ordered printed by A. G. Goodall, president of the American Bank Note Co. in 1847 and 1879 of official and newspaper stamps. Goodwin & Cos Express: private mail firm serviced Boston and South Berwick, Mass.; used a label, year unknown. Goodyear Cycle: Mar. 24, 1900; Cadet Sgt. Major Goodyear on the bicycle he used as a messenger during the Mafeking siege Oct. 12, 1899 to May 17, 1900; see Mafeking. Goosewell Post: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 Gopshe: Donald Evans issue, a friends dog. Gordon stamps: commemoratives issued by the Sudan, Jan. 1, 1935, 50th anniversary of death of General Gordon. Gordonia: possible Jewish colony labels. Gordons City Express: U.S. local post, New York, N. Y., 1848-52. Gorkiy: formerly known as Novgorod, Russia. Gorman, T. & Bro.: see Private die match proprietary stamps. Gorman, Thomas: see Private die match proprietary stamps. Gorno-Badakhshan: Tajikstan, cinderella, 1997. Gorny Slask: (Pol.) inscription on Upper Silesia private labels issued by Polish plebiscite official in 1920, some found used on mail in Poland. Gorochow: German Hilfpost, Ukraine local, 1944. Gorodskaya Uprava: (in Cyrillic) St. Petersburg City Office, fiscal, no postal validity, 1865. Gosport Strike Mail: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 Goteborg: formerly known as Gothenburg, Sweden. Goteborgs Stadspost: Sweden local post. Gothenburg: Swedish locals 1: Goteborgs Stadspost, 1888. 2: Goteborgs Privata,1888-90 3: Goteborgs Enskilda, 1926. 4: Privata Lokalposten Ferm, 1926. Gothic type: an angular letter type used as old English or German. Gotour: Egypt, see Interpostal seals, 1879-82. Gott ex: (Swed.) good example, fine copy. Gott strafe England-Er strafe es: God punish England-may he punish it inscription on German propaganda labels. Gottleuba: German local, post WW II. Gotts Park School: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 Gouda P.: Gouda Post, pre-adhesive postmark used 1757-93. Gourde: unit of currency in Haiti. Gourieh: Egypt, see Interpostal seals, 1879-84. Gouss: Egypt, see Interpostal seals, 1879-82. Gouyave manuscript: post office in Granada where the postmaster wrote Postage (unauthorized action) on revenue stamps due to definitive stamp shortage. Governatorato del Montenegro: overprint on stamps of Jugoslavia, Italian Administration, Montenegro, 1941. Government City Dispatch: 1857, Baltimore, Md.; see Carriers stamps. Government Printing Office: federal agency that has printed postal cards and aerograms since 1910. Government coil: coil stamps produced by a post service contractor. Government flight: air mail flight on which the pilot was a federal employee. Government imitation: official imitations when original plates were no longer available; such as U.S. reproductions of the 1847 stamps. Government imprinted envelope: postal stationery issued by a government postal administration whereby the postage stamp is printed directly on the envelope. Government in exile: officials that are driven in exile issue postage stamps to show their legitimacy; some stamps have postal validity, sometimes issued to raise money. Government issue: stamps issued by an established government or its agency. Government of South Russia: General Wrangel, 1918-19 issued surcharged Russian stamps; see Russia, South. Governo Militare Alleato: (It.) overprint on stamps of Italy, Allied Military Government, 1943. Govies Post: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 Govt Parcels: overprint on stamps of Great Britain for official use, 1883-1902. Goya: famous nude stamp of Spain, 1930. Gr., Gronland: Greenland. Gr.: Grenze, pre-adhesive postmark. Gr: (Ger.) catalog abbreviation for green overprint or surcharge. Gra: 1. (Ger.) catalogue abbreviation for gray overprint or surcharge. 2. (Dan., Nor., Swed.) grey (color). Grabado: (Sp.) see Engraved. Gradazione de colore: (It.) shade (color). Grade: The ranking of a stamp based on centering for mint stamps; centering and cancellation for used stamps. Grade: an expression that indicates whether a stamp is perfect or imperfect and the range of imperfections; catalogues usually address only centering and degree of cancellations on used stamps. Grado de conservación: (Fr.) grade, condition. Graduación: (Sp.) grade, condition. Graf Zeppelins (Zepps): three US stamps picturing the Zeppelins issued in 1930. Graffins Baltimore Despatch: U.S. local post, Baltimore, Md., 1856. Grafting: adding of margins to an imperforate stamp; paper added to a stamp. Graham Land: overprint on stamps of Falkland Islands for Graham Land, Falkland Islands dependency in the Antarctic, 1944, Feb. 12-46; now part of British Antarctic Territory. Graham Memorial City: Antarctic fantasy issue. Grain direction: direction in which most of the paper fibers are aligned; paper tears more readily with the grain than against it; cutting a small rectangle piece from a page and wetting it will cause the paper to curl in the grain direction. Gramenet del Besos: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican,1937. Gran Bretagna: (It.) Great Britain. Gran Bretaña: (Sp.) Great Britain. Grana: 1: Two Sicilies, Italian States unit of currency, 1861. 2: Granada, pre-adhesive postmark. Granada: Colombia-Granada, 1861. Granada: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist and Republican,1936-38. Granadina: Colombia-Granadina, 1859-60. Granadine Confederation: original name for South American republic of Colombia, 1859-60: Confed. Granadina was on first issues, 1861: renamed United States of New Granada, 1862: renamed United States of Colombia. Grand Comoro: Comoro islands, off Madagascar; currency: 100 centimes = 1 franc 1897: No.1, 1 centime lilac/blue, stamps of French colonial period inscribed Grand Comoro, 1850: stamps of Comoro Archipelago; see Comoro Islands. 1912: first issue surcharged with new denomination, also used in Madagascar, 1914: stamps of Madagascar used. 1923: became part of the Republic of Comoros, 1950: stamps of Comoro Islands issued, now Republic of Comoros. Grand Consommation: (Fr.) newsprint stock paper used to print stamps, 1917-20, called papier de Grande Consommation or paper of extraordinary emergency; printing plates were marked GC. during World War I Grand Fenwick, Duchy of: advertising fantasies produced for the movie, The Mouse That Roared. Grand Liban: overprint/inscription used on stamps of France for Syria and Lebanon. Grand format: (Fr.) large size. Grande Bretagne: (Fr.) Great Britain. Grande margenes: (Sp.) wide margins. Granite Paper: A paper with small colored fibers added when the paper is made. This paper is used as a deterrent against forgery. Granite paper: paper containing tiny, visible colored fibers to deter forgery. Grants Post Office: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971. Granö Ångslups Aktiebolag: (Fin.) steamship line serving Granö islands, Finland local, 1895. Graphite-lined: contains printed lines of graphite which acts as an electrical conductor to signal scanning equipment. Gratis Frimärke: (Nor.) free stamp. Gratis: free label used in Jan. 1871, provided by Switzerland for correspondence by French prisoners of war.. Gratuit: (Fr.) free. Grau: (Ger.) gray. Grav.na: pre-adhesive postmark form Gravedona, Lombardy, 1835-40. Graver: a tool with a sharp hardened point used by an engraver to cut lines into a steel block. Gravering: (Nor.) engraving. Graves & Co., Express: private mail firm serviced Boston, Mass., and Portland, Maine; used a label, 1857. Gravesend Postal Strike: United Kingdom strike local post, 1971 Graviert: (Ger.) engraved. Gravor: (Rom.) engraver. Gravura: (Rom.) engraving. Gravure en creux: (Fr.) intaglio. Gravure sur acier: (Fr.) steel engraving. Gravure: The process of creating an intaglio printing plate by photographic and chemical means, rather than by hand engraving. See also Intaglio. Gravure: multicolor printing process with the design below the surface; formerly called photogravure. Gravyrtryck: (Swed.) recess printing. Gravé: (Fr.) engraved. Gravørdybtryk: (Dan.) seeTryk - Gravørdyk. Gray & Co. Express: private mail firm serviced Boston, Mass. area; used a label, 1848. Graz: formerly known as Gratz, Austria. Great Americans: US series of stamps, formerly know as the Distinguished Americans; began in 1980, ended in 1999. Great Barrier Island: located north-east of Auckland, NewZealand; 1898-99, 1948: known for the New Zealand Pigeongram Service/Agency; local stamps. Great Bitter Lake Association (GBLA): stamps issued by ships trapped in Suez Canal after the seven days war, June 1967. Great Britain Regional Issues: see Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey. Great Britain Telegraph Stamps: first recorded example, 1851; a 1-shilling inscription on the message form, issued in Great Britain by the Electric Telegraph Co.; private telegraph firms were absorbed into the British Post Office in 1869-69, first issue of Post office telegraph stamps was in 1876. Great Britain: E.A.F.: East Africa Forces; overprint on stamps of Great Britain, Italian Somaliland, 1943-48. Great Britain: northwest of Europe, includes England, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey, Scotland, Wales; official name of postal administration: Royal Mail currency: 12 pence = 1 shilling, 20 shillings = 1 pound, 100 pence = 1 pound 1652: Council of State decreed that letters from members of Parliament and some public officials be carried free; led to British postal reform, 1840, May 6: No.1, 1 penny black, worlds first stamp issued, never printed the name of the country on its stamps, used head of its sovereign, 1875, July 1: joined the UPU, includes Overseas Territories Anguilla, Ascension, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltor, Montserrat, Pitcairn, Henderson Ducie and Oeno (Islands), South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, Tristan da Cunha, Turks and Caicos Islands, 1882: first official stamp, overprinted I.R. Official (Inland Revenue) issued, 1914: first postage due stamp issued, 1918, Dec. 1: British forces enter Germany, 1940-45: Channel Islands issued their own stamps during German occupation, 1958: regional stamps issued for Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man, 1975: first semipostal issued. Great Britain: see Akassa, Army Official, Bahrain. Great Britain; Offices in Africa: Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, Eritrea, Dodecanese and Somalia; 1942: overprinted M.E.F. (Middle East Forces), 1943, June: for use in Somalia, stamps of Great Britain overprinted E.A.F., 1948, June: for use in Eritrea, stamps of Great Britain overprinted B.M.A., 1948, July 1: for use in Tripolitania, stamps of Great Britain overprinted B.M.A. Tripolitnia. Great Britain; Offices in China: stamps of Hong Kong overprinted China, 1917. Great Britain; Offices in Morocco: 1898: stamps of Gibraltar overprinted Morocco Agencies, 1928: stamps of Great Britain overprinted Tangier, Great Britain; Offices in Turkish Empire: 1885, April 1: surcharges on stamps of Great Britain. Great Britain Regional Issues: see Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey. Great Britain Telegraph Stamps: first recorded example, 1851; a 1-shilling inscription on the message form, issued in Great Britain by the Electric Telegraph Co.; private telegraph firms were absorbed into the British Post Office in 1869-69, first issue of Post office telegraph stamps was in 1876. Great Britain; Offices in Turkish Empire: 1832: first office only handled diplomatic and military mail, 1857: office opened to the public, 1885, April 1: surcharges on stamps of Great Britain to prevent currency speculation, 1905: British stamps overprinted “Levant” to prevent resale in Great Britain. Great Central & Midland Joint Committee: British local post. Great Central Railway Company: British local post. Great Comoro: see Comoro Islands. Great Eastern Railway: British newspaper local post. Great Island: Donald Evans definitive issue of 1940. Great Mail Route: eastern mail (1852) from New Orleans via water to Mobile, then by river, stage and rail to Charleston, then by sea to Wilmington, and finally by rail to Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York. Great North of Scotland Railway: Scotland local post. Great Northern & Great Central Railway Company: British local post. Great Northern Express Company: parcel firm operated on the Great Northern , ailway lines stations; used labels, year unknown. Great Northern Railway: British local post. Great Northern Railway: Ireland local post. Great Post Route: In 1836, from Portland, Maine to New Orleans, La. Great Salt Lake Trail: from Omaha to Salt Lake via the Platte River via Echo Canyon. Great Southern & Western Railway: British local post. Great Western & Great Central Joint Committee: British local post. Great Western Railway: British local post. Grec: (Rom) Greek (adj.). Grecia: (It., Sp.) Greece. Greece: independent nation located in southeast Europe; currency: 100 lepta = 1 drachma, 100 cents = 1 Euro (2002) 1861, Oct. 1: No.1, 1 lepta chocolate, first stamps issued, printed in Paris, classic Hermes heads, used dot design as cancel, 1875: first postage due issued, 1875, July 1; joined the UPU, 1889: variation in original design issued, printed in Athens, 1896: first Olympic Games commemorative issue, 1912: stamps of Greece overprinted for use in parts of Turkey occupied by Greeece (New Greece); overprint reads Greek Administration, 1913, July 1: stamps of Bulgaria overprinted in Greek for occupied areas 1917: Venizelist Provisional Government, 1923: King abdicated, revolutionary Administration, 1924, April 16: became republic, 1926, Oct. 20: first air mail issued, 1935: monarchy restored. 1940, Dec. 10: overprinted stamps issued for occupation of southern Albania, 1944, Nov. 11: Greek stamps with new currency issued, 1944: first semipostal issued, 1973, June: second republic formed; see A M, Aegean Islands, Astypalaia, Calchi, Carchi, Calimno, Calino, Chios, Icaria, Mytilene, Samos. Greek Occupation of Aegean Islands: 1912-13: stamps of Greece overprinted for use in occupation of Chios, Icaria (Nicaria), Lemnos, Mytilene (Lesbos) and Samos, Greek Occupation of Albania: North Epirus; 1940: overprinted stamps for postage due, air mail issued. Greek Occupation of Cavalla: 1913: stamps of Bulgaria surcharged. Greek Occupation of Dedeagatch (Alexandroupolis): 1913: stamps of Bulgaria overprinted. Greek Occupation of Dodecanese Islands: 1947: overprint on stamps of Greece. Greek Occupation of Epirus (Albania): 1912-13: provisional government established, 1914: occupied by Greece, occupation issue, 1940-41: overprint on stamps of Greece. Greek Occupation of North Epirus (Albania): 1940-41: overprint on stamps of Greece Greek Occupation of Thrace: 1920: stamps of Greece overprinted, in Greek, Administration Western Thrace. Greek Occupation of Turkey: Balkan Wars, 1912-13; 1912: Greek Administration overprint on stamps of Greece. Greek Use in Dodecanese Islands: 1947: additional overprint on stamps of Greece. Greek offices in Turkey: 1834-81: Greece operated a number of post offices in Ottoman Empire, 1861,Oct. 13-April 25, 1881: used stamps of Greece, stamps used in both areas are known only by their cancellations (Toypkia) in brackets. Greeley Bros. Co.: package and baggage firm serviced the Cleveland, Ohio, area; used a label and a stamp; year unknown. Green Mountain Principality: overprints on bogus State of Oman stamps. Green Post Express: United Kingdom Strike local post, 1971. Green goods: postal scam, see Official Notice. Green label: white oblong label printed in green use as identification on mail from Great Britain to Malta for service personnel during 1941-42 siege. Green paper air mail stamps: regular stamps dipped into a chemical producing green-toned paper, 16-cent Air Mail Special Delivery issue, 1938. Green, G.G.: U.S. private die medicine proprietary stamp. Greenbacks: U.S. paper money. Greenhood & Newbauers Express: private mail delivery firm serviced Weaverville and Shasta, Calif., used a label; year unknown. Greenland: Danish territory in the North Atlantic Ocean, worlds largest island, official name of postal administration: Greenland Postal Service currency: 100 ore = 1 Danish krone 1875, July 1: joined the UPU, included with Denmark, 1905: parcel post issues of the Royal Greenland Trading Company were first stamps, 1935: Thule, a colony in north-west Greenland, issued its own stamps, 1938, Dec. 1: No.1, 1 ore olive/black, first government issued stamps, previously all letters from Greenland were carried free; WW II: U.S. protectorate when Denmark was under German occupation; 1945: issued overprint Danmark Befriet 5 Maj 1945 for liberation of Denmark from German occupation, 1953, June 9: Greenland is considered as part of Danish kingdom, but issues its own stamps, 1958: inland letters were free up to this date, 1958, May 22: first semipostal issued, 1963: became part of the Kingdom of Denmark, 1979, May 1: achieved home rule. Greenland: Royal Greenland Trading Company; local 1905-38. Greenleaf & Co.: see Private die match proprietary stamps. Greenock Delivery: United Kingdom Strike local post, 1971. Greensboro, Ala. Paid 5, Paid 10: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Greensboro, N.C. Paid 10: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Greenslades Delivery Co.: parcel firm serviced Los Angeles, Calif. area; used stamps, 1885-95. Greenville, Ala. Paid Five, Paid Ten: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Greenville C. (Court) H. (House), S. C. Paid 5: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Greenville: city in Liberia, registration inscription, 1893-1924. Greenwich-London Strike: United Kingdom Strike local post, 1971. Greenwood Depot, Va. Paid: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Gregori: Louis Gregori painted Return of Columbus and Reception at Court, adopted for Ten cents Columbian stamp. Gregorys California Express: pioneer express company handling mail to and from California. Greifenstein, S.S.: steamship marking of the Danube Steam Navigation Company built around 1890s, for upper Danube lines. Greig City Despatch: New York City post started by Alex H. Greig and Henry L. Winsor, Feb. 15, 1842; used first adhesive stamp 3¢ black on gray. Greiz: German locals 1: Express-Packet-Verkehrn Oskar Hopf; 1889-1904. 2: Courier, 1893. Grekenland: (Nor.) Greece Grekisk Post på Udlandsk: (Nor.) Greek Post Offices Abroad. Grekisk Post på Utländsk: (Swed.) Greek Post Offices Abroad. Grekisk: (Nor., Swed.) Greek Grekland: (Swed.) Greece Grenada Carriacou & Petit Martinque: changed name from Grenada, 1999. Grenada Grenadines: islands to the north of Grenada, islands of Carriacou and Ronde; 1973 - pre: used stamps of Grenada, 1973, Dec. 23: No.1, 25 cents multicolor, first own stamp (Grenadines overprint), 1982, June: first official stamps issued, 1986, Dec.1: first semipostal issued, see Grenada Carriacou & Petit Martinque. Grenada Red Cross Society: inscription on label or sealing stamp authorized for use as a 1/2d stamp on one day only, Sept. 18, 1914. Grenada: British colony, island in the Caribbean; currency: 12 pence = 1 shilling, 100 cents = 1 dollar (1949) 1858-60: British stamps used with A 15 cancel, 1861: No. 1, 1 penny green, first issue appeared, Chalon portrait design, 1892: first postage due issued, 1916: first War Tax stamp issued, 1967: associated statehood with Great Britain, 1972, Feb. 3: first air mail issued, 1974, Feb. 7: own stamps used, independence state overprint, 1978, Jan. 30: joined the UPU, 1981, Nov. 30: first semipostal issued. Grenada: Roosevelts Head & Disneyville inscription; unissued Great Britain cinderella by David Horry, 2001. Grenade: (Fr.) Grenada. Grenadines of St. Vincent: see Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Grenat: (Fr.) claret (color). Greseala: (Rom.) error. Gressgrønn: (Nor.) grass-green (color). Gri-albastrui: (Rom.) bluish-grey (color). Gri-olv:: (Rom.) olive-grey (color). Gri-verzui: (Rom.) greenish-grey (color). Gri: (Rom.) grey (color). Griazovets: local post, Russian Zemstvo, 1878-1918. Gridiron cancellation: a early U.S. cancel consisting of circles enclosing parallel lines; also known as grid markings. Griechenland: (Ger.) Greece. Griffin, Ga. Paid 5: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Griggs & Goodwill: see Private die match proprietary stamps. Griggs & Scott: see Private die match proprietary stamps. Grigio: (It.) gray. Grill Z: see Z Grill. Grill in relief: light engraving applied in dry relief on some U.S. and Peru stamps in order to prevent fading. Grill: A pattern of parallel lines (or dots at the points where lines would cross) forming a grid. A grill is usually: 1) the impressed breaks added to stamps as a security measure (United States issues of 1867-71 and Peru issues of 1874-79); or 2) a grill-like canceling device used on various 19th-century issues. Grill: an impression or embossing made on a stamp in order to break the paper fibers so that the ink from the cancel will soak into the stamp paper and make washing for reuse impossible. Grilled Nationals: refers to the U.S. National Bank Note grilled issue of 1870-71. Grilled gum: indentations in the adhesive caused by passing the gummed paper through a roller with a pattern to counteract paper curl. Grimma: German courier local, 1893. Grimstad Bypost: Norway local post, 1887. Grimstad: Norwegian seaport on the Skagerrak (also Skagerak) arm of the E central North Sea in Aust-Agder county ca. 140 miles SSW of Oslo. Local post established by N. Herlofson, with a set-of-5 Grimstad Bypost local stamps depicting a 3-masted ship being issued 15 January 1887. The stamps are cancelled with a single-ring Grimstad-Bypost circular datestamp having an 8-pointed star at the bottom, and the date and time in four lines at the center. The local post closed later in the year 1887. Gripper cracks: formed over slots cut in the edges of the plates curved to fit rotary press cylinders; associated with introduction of the rotary press printer. Griqualand West: district of Cape Province, South Africa; currency: 12 pence = 1 shilling 1871: annexed to Great Britain, used stamps of Cape of Good Hope, 1873: made a Crown Colony, 1874: No. 1, 1 penny blue, manuscript surcharge, 1877, March: overprinted G on stamps of Cape of Good Hope, 1880: Cape stamps with Goverprint withdrawn and reissued to post offices in Cape Colony; Griqualand West annexed to the Cape Colony. Gris: (Sp.) gray. Grn: (Ger.) grün, catalogue abbreviation for green. Grobe-Altdeutschland-Katalog: (Ger.) Grobe Old Germany Catalogue. Grodno District: overprint on stamps of Russia, Lithuania, 1919. Grodno, District of: town and district in Russia, then became part of Poland; 1916-17: German occupation stamps issued, 1919: stamps of Russia with overprint Lietuva, 1940: overprint LTSR on stamps of Russia, now part of Russia. Grodzisk: city in German-occupied Russian Poland, local post overprint, 1918-20. Groenekruis: Green Cross semi-postal of Surinam. Groenekrus: (Green Cross) inscription on semi-postals, Surinam. Groenland: (Fr.) Greenland. Groenlandia: (It.) Greenland. Groenlandia: (Sp.) Greenland. Gros: (Fr.) big, large. Groschen: unit of currency used in the North German Confederation. Grosion: Crete money unit. Grossbritannien: (Ger.) Great Britain. Grossdeutsches Reich Bohmen and Mahren: Czechoslovakia, Bohemia and Moravia. Grossdeutsches Reich General Gouvernment: semi-postals of Poland, German occupation, 1943-44. Grossdeutsches Reich: 1: semi-postals of Germany, 1943-45. 2: inscription on some issues of Germany and German-occupied Bohemia and Poland, 1943-45; see Bohemia and Moravia. Grossecomoro: (Ger.) Grand Comoro. Grossformat: (Ger.) very large size. Grossion: currency unit in Albania. Grossräschen: German Democratic Republic local, 1945-46. Groszy: surcharge on stamps of Poland, revalidation after currency reform, 1950. Grote: currency unit in Bremen Grouch: (Ghurush) currency unit in Turkey. Ground perforation: perforations are created by grinding up those areas of the paper that are pressed upward by passing the paper against a pin tool. Groundwood: paper pulp produced by mechanically grinding wood logs making a weak, acidic paper that discolors upon exposure to light. Groundwork: background of a stamp design with the primary stamp subject shown. Groupage: bulking or combining of cargo loads; French Colony revenue inscription. Grove Hill, Ala. Paid 5 cents: see Confederate Postmasters Provisionals. Grove Postal Service: United Kingdom Strike local post, 1971. Groß: (Ger.) large, big. Großbritannien: (Ger.) Great Britain. Grunay Island: Scotland local post in Skeoris, Shetland Island, 1970? Grupe: (Ger.) pane. Grupo: (Sp.) pane of stamps. Gruppo: (It.) pane. Gräsgrön: (Swed.) grass-green (color). Grå-olivgrå: (Dan., Nor.) grey - olive-grey (color). Gråakt blå: (Swed.) greyish-blue [dull blue] (color). Gråakt brun: (Swed.) greyish brown (color). Gråakt gul: (Swed.) greyish yellow (color). Gråakt gulbrun: (Swed.) greyish yellow-brown (color). Gråakt orangebrun: (Swed.) greyish orange-brown (color). Gråakt: (Swed.) greyish (color). Gråaktig blå: (Nor.) greyish-blue (color). Gråaktig mørkblå: (Nor.) greyish-dark blue (color). Gråaktig: (also Grålig) (Nor.) greyish (color). Gråblå: (Dan.) grey-blue (color). Gråblå: (Dan., Nor.) grey-blue (color). Gråbrun: (Dan.) grey-brown (color). Gråbrun: (Dan., Nor., Swed.) grey-brown (color). Gråfiolett: (Nor.) grey-violet (color). Grågrøn: (Dan., Swed.) grey-green (color). Grågrønn: (Nor.) grey-green (color). Grålig: (also Gråaktig) (Nor.) greyish (color). Grålilla: (Dan., Nor.) grey-lilac (color). Gråoliven: (Dan.) grey-olive (color). Gråoliven: (Dan., Nor.) grey-olive (color). Gråpurpur: (Dan., Swed.) grey-purple (color). Gråskifer: (Dan.) grey-slate (color). Gråskiffer: (Swed.) grey-slate (color). Gråsort: (Dan.) grey-black (color). Gråsvart: (Nor., Swed.) grey-black (color). Gråultramarin: (Dan., Swed.) grey-blue (color). Gråviolet: (Dan.) grey-violet (color). Gråviolett: (Swed.) grey-violet (color). Grækenland: (Dan.) Greece. Græsgrøn: (Dan.) grass-green (color). Græsk Post I Udlandet: (Dan.) Greek Post Offices Abroad. Græsk: (Dan.) Greek (adj.). Grèce: (Fr.) Greece. Grève: (Fr.) strike. Grónsko: Greenland. Grön: (Swed.) green (color). Grönakt blå: (Swed.) greenish-blue (color). Grönakt brun: (Swed.) greenish-brown (color). Grönakt grå: (Swed.) greenish-grey (color). Grönakt gul: (Swed.) greenish-yellow (color). Grönakt ljust gråblå (turkos): (Swed.) greenish - light grey- blue [turquoise] (color). Grönakt ljust mattblå: (Swed.) greenish - light dull blue (color). Grönakt mörkblå: (Swed.) greenish-dark blue (color). Grönaktig blå: (Swed.) greenish-blue (color). Grönaktig: (Swed.) greenish (color). Grönblå: (Swed.) green-blue (color). Gröngrå: (Swed.) green-grey (color). Gröngul: (Swed.) green-yellow (color). Grönland: (Swed.) Greenland. Grönolive: (Swed.) green-olive (color). Grönskiffer: (Swed.) green-slate (color). Grönsvart: (Swed.) green-black (color). Grøn: (Dan.) green (color). Grønblå: (Dan.) green-blue (color). Grøngrå: (Dan.) green-grey (color). Grøngul: (Dan.) green-yellow (color). Grønland: (Dan., Ger., Nor.) Greenland. Grønligblå: (Dan.) greenish-blue (color). Grønligbrun: (Dan.) greenish-brown (color). Grønliggrå: (Dan.) greenish-grey (color). Grønliggul: (Dan.) greenish-yellow (color). Grønn: (Nor.) green (color). Grønnaktig blå : (Nor.) greenish-blue, seeGrønnligblå (color). Grønnaktig: (also Grønnlig) (Nor.) greenish (color). Grønnblå: (Nor.) green-blue (color). Grønngrå: (Nor.) green-grey (color). Grønngul: (Nor.) green-yellow (color). Grønnligblå: (Nor.) greenish-blue, seeGrønnaktig blå (color). Grønnligoliven: (Nor.) greenish-olive (color). Grønnoliven: (Nor.) green-olive (color). Grønoliven: (Dan.) green-olive (color). Grønoskifer: (Dan.) green-slate (color). Grønsort: (Dan.) green-black (color). Grün: (Ger.) green. Grüne Karte: (Ger.) United Nations green card. Grünlich: (Ger.) greenish, when used in combination with other colors. Gscheidle stamp: (Ger.) the 1980 German 60 pfennig+30 semi-postal Olympic Flag semi-postal that was printed, but not issued during boycott of the Moscow Olympics, 1980. Gtr: gutter. Guadalajara: No.1, 1/2 real black white, overprint used on lengthy series of provisional stamps of Mexico for this district, 1867. Guadeloupe: French islands in the West Indies; currency: 100 centimes =1 franc 1851: used stamps of France, 1859: used French Colonies general issues, 1876, Nov. 20: locally printed postage dues, 1884: No.1, 20 centimes brown, first regular issue with overprint G.P.E. on French Colonial stamps, 1889: Guadeloupe overprint on stamps of French Colonies, 1892: issued own stamps, 1915: first semipostal issued, 1940-44: used Free French stamps during war years, 1945: first air mail issued, 1946: became an overseas Department of France, 1947, Jan.1: became part of French Republic, used stamps of France. Guadur: dependency of Muscat; 1868: used stamps of India, 1947: used stamps of Pakistan, 1958, Sept. 8: sold to Pakistan. Guam Guard Mail: overprint on stamps of Philippines for local post of the army, 1930, April 8-April 8, 1931: local post; private local post exists with same name. Guam: south portion of the Ladrine group in the Pacific Ocean; currency: 100 cents = 1 dollar used stamps of Spanish Philippines, postmarked Marianas, 1898, June 20: ceded to the US by Spain, after Spanish-American War, considered a territory of the U.S., 1899, July 7: No.1, 1 cent deep green, first stamps were overprint Guam on US stamps, 1901: U.S. Post Office Department ran postal affairs with U.S. stamps used, 1930: local post to carry mail between small towns, see Guam Guard Mail, 1941-44: occupied by Japan, 1950: administered by US Department of Interior. Guanacaste: province in northwest Costa Rica; 1885, Aug: overprint Guanacaste on stamps of Costa Rica, sold at a discount. 1889: used stamps of Costa Rica. Guarani: Paraguay unit of currency. Guarantee mark: marking applied to stamps by the issuing agency indicting that the stamp is genuine and valid for postal use. Guardamar del Segura: local post, Spanish Civil War, Republican,1937. Guardia Nazionale Repubblica: see G. N. R. Guaro: local post, Spanish Civil War, Nationalist,1937. Guatemala C.A.: Centro America (Central America) Guatemala. Guatemala: Central American Republic; currency: 100 centavos = 8 reales = 1 peso, 100 centavos de quetzal = 1 quetzal (1927) 1847, March: full independence declared, 1867: bogus stamp produced by S. Allan Taylor, 1871, March 1: No.1, 1 centavo ocher, first stamps, quetzal bird featured on many stamps, 1881, Aug. 1: joined the UPU, 1902, Dec. 18: first official issued, 1929, May 20: first air mail, surcharged, issued, 1937, Mar. 15: first semipostal, 1971: issued a stamp with map showing Belize within its borders. Guatemala: see Aereo Exterior. Guayana: North-East district of Venezuela; 1903, March: typeset provisionals by revolutionaries issued during Civil War. Guayas: province of Ecuador; 1899-1901: script overprint on stamps of Ecuador as control. Gubulawayo Bechuanaland: cancel on stamps of British Bechuanaland used from British South Africa, 1888-92. Guerche: Ethiopia, Nejd, Saudi Arabia unit of currency. Guerga: Egypt, see Interpostal seals, 1884. Guernavaca: handstamp for Cuernavaca. Guernsey-Alderney: Commodore Shipping Co., local, 1962-68. Guernsey-Bailiwick: includes islands of Alderney, Guernsey, Herm, Jethou, Lithou and Sark. Guernsey-Sark: island in English Channel, local 1962?-1971. Guernsey: islands in the English Channel, northwest of France; official name of postal administration: Guernsey Post, Ltd. currency: 100 pence = 1 pound sterling 1925: post office opened on Sark, used British stamps, 1940, June 30: invaded by Germany, issued local post Guernsey Postage during occupation, 1940, Dec.-Feb. 22, 1941: officially permitted bisected British stamps during stamp shortage, 1945, May 10: islands liberated, local issues valid for one year, 1948: pair of stamps for Channel islands and GB, commemorating third anniversary of liberation from Germany, 1958: GB regional series issued for Guernsey, 1964, Oct.1: No.1, 1 penny rose-red, 1969: first postage due issued. Guerra Civil Espanola: (Sp.) Spanish civil war, 1936-39. Guerre: (Fr.) war. Guerrilla stamps: stamps issued by guerrilla forces such as those printed in 1895 when the underground fighters of Taiwan issued stamps for their Black Flag Republic to fight Japanese occupying forces. Gugh Island: Great Britain local carriage label, 1972. Guiana, British: see British Guiana. Guiana, Dutch: see Surinam. Guiana, French: see French Guiana. Guichet dAffranchissement Postal Automatique: (Fr.) automatic postage stamp window, used for vending machines. Guide dots: dots placed on stamp plates to help in the alignment of rows of stamps. Guide line pair: attached pair of coil stamps with printed line between. Guide line: horizontal or vertical colored lines between the stamps used as a guide for operators of perforating machines or to indicate the point of separation of the sheet into panes; also known as guide mark. Guide plate: an adjustable ruler used in the perforating process to make certain that the perforations were in the gutters. Guilder: unit of currency in the Netherlands and associated areas. Guilford Gravure Inc.: private printer of postage stamps, started in 1970. Guilloche: (Fr.) delicate engraving formed by an engraved interlacing network. Guillochis: (Fr.) selvedge. Guillotine perforation: single-line perforation made by a machine resembling a guillotine. Guine Portueza: overprint on stamps of Cape Verde, Portuguese Guinea. Guine Portuguese: inscription used on stamps of Portuguese Guinea, 1948-67. Guine, Portugues(z)a: overprint on stamps of Cape Verde. Guinea Contial Espanola, Guinea Espanola: inscription on stamps of Spanish Guinea, 1902-09. Guinea Continental: overprint on stamps of Elobey, Annobon and Corsico for Spanish Guinea, 1906. Guinea Correos: fake overprint on stamps of Spanish Guinea, 1914. Guinea Ecuatorial: inscription used on stamps of Equatorial Guinea, 1968 to date; see Equatorial Guinea. Guinea Espanola: inscription used on stamps of Spanish Guinea, 1902, 1949-59. Guinea, New: see New Guinea. Guinea, Portuguese: 1862-71: French Colonies General issues as Assinie, 1892, Nov.: stamps first issued, 1904: stamps inscribed Afrique Occidentale Francaise, Cote DIvoire, 1906: first postage due stamp issued, 1915: first semipostal stamp issued, 1931: Cote d Ivoire overprint, 1940: first air mail stamp issued, 1945-59: stamps of French West Africa used, 1958, Dec. 4: an autonomous republic, 1959, March 26: proclamation of independence, 1959, Oct. 1: Republique de Cote dIvoire, inscription used, 1961, May 23: joined the UPU, 1974, Jan. 1: first official stamp issued. Guinea, Republic of: see French Guinea. Guinea, Territorios Espanoles del Golfo: inscription used on stamps of Spanish Guinea, 1902-29. Guinea-Bissau: republic of Guinea - Bissau - former Portuiguese Guinea, west coast of Africa; currency: 100 centavos = 1 escudo, 100 centimes = 1 peso 1881: first stamps were Portuguese colonial of Cape Verde overprinted Guine, followed by Guine Portugueza and Guine. 1974, May 30: joined the UPU, 1974, Sept. 10: gained independence from Portugal, first stamps issued, 1976, Oct. 4: first air mail stamp issued. Guinea: country located on coast of West Africa on the Atlantic Ocean; official name of postal administration: Office de la Post Guinéenne currency: 100 centimes = 1 franc, 100 caury = 1 syli (1973), 100 centimes = 1 franc (1986) 1880: was under French protection known as Rivieres du Sud, 1890: became colony named French Guinea, 1892: first stamps on French colonial issues inscribed Guinee Francaise, 1944: became part of the French African Union, 1958, Oct. 2: Republique de Guinee established from French Guinea, 1959, July 13: first stamps overprinted Republique de Guinee, air mail, postage due issued, 1959, May 6: joined the UPU, 1960: first semipostal issued; see Spanish Guinea. Guinee, Republique de: see Guinea, 1959. Guinee: see French Guinea, 1906-42. Guiné Portuguesa: inscription used on stamps of Portuguese Guinea, 1881-1973. Guinée Francais: (Fr.) see French Guinea. Guinée Équatoriale: (Fr.) Equatorial Guinea. Guipuzcoa: Spanish Basque province; 1937: issued Carlist stamps during Spanish Civil War. Guiza: Egypt, see Interpostal seals, 1884. Gul: (Dan., Nor., Swed.) yellow (color). Gulakt brun: (Swed.) yellowish-brown (color). Gulakt grön: (Swed.) yellowish-green (color). Gulakt ljusbrun: (Swed.) yellowish-light brown (color). Gulakt orange: (Swed.) yellowish-orange (color). Gulakt orangebrun: (Swed.) yellowish orange-brown (color). Gulakt: (Swed.) yellowish (color). Gulaktig: (Nor.) yellowish (color). Gulbrun: (Dan., Nor., Swed.) yellow-brown (color). Guld: (Swed.) gold (metallic color). Gulden: currency unit in Netherlands and Dutch colonial area. Guldfarve: (Dan.) gold (metallic color), see Gylden. Guldgul: (Swed.) golden yellow. Guldkusten: (Swed.) the Gold Coast Guldkysten: (Dan., Nor.) the Gold Coast. Gulf of Kotor: part of Dalmatian coast; 1943: occupied by Germany after Italy surrendered, 1944, Feb. 10: first stamps issued, 1945: part of Yugoslavia. Gulgrön: (Swed.) yellow-green (color). Gulgrøn: (Dan.) yellow-green (color). Gulgrønn: (Nor.) yellow-green (color). Gull: (Nor.) gold (metallic color). Gullig: (Dan., Nor.) yellowish (color). Gulligbrun: (Dan.) yellowish-brown (color). Gulliggrøn: (Dan.) yellowish-green (color). Gulligorange: (Dan.) yellowish-orange (color). Gulligrød: (Dan.) yellowish-red (color). Gulligrød: (Dan., Nor.) yellowish-red (color). Gulockra: (Swed.) yellow-ochre (color). Gulokker: (Dan.) yellow-ochre (color). Gulolive: (Swed.) yellow-olive (color). Guloliven: (Dan.) yellow-olive (color). Gulorange: (Dan., Swed.) yellow-orange (color). Guloransje: (Nor.) yellow-orange (color). Gulröd: (Swed.) yellow-red (color). Gulrød: (Dan.) yellow-red (color). Gultig 9. Armee: overprint on stamps of Germany, German Occupation of Romania, 1918. Gultig: (Ger.) valid. Gum Breakers: Colorless ridges across the adhesive on the backs of stamps. Breaks the adhesive so stamps won’t curl. Gum Ridges: vertical ridges of gum on the rotary sheet stamps, intended to make the stamps adhere better. Gum Skips: A portion of a stamp, usually near the edge of a pane, where the gum has not been applied. Gum Soak: Stamp with stains from the gum getting damp and staining the stamp by soaking into the paper; most often seen on perf. tips. It also usually decreases the value of the stamp as being damaged. Gum bend: The gum has caused the paper to bend or crease. Gum blister: happens when adhesive is dried by too much heat leaving patches of ungummed paper. Gum breaker: colorless impressions across the backs of some stamps made during manufacture to prevent curling. Gum crease: crack in the gum usually due to age and atmospheric conditions. Gum damage: could be creasing, cracking, staining or chemical reaction. Gum device: an imitation watermark on the gummed side of stamps; such as the wavy lines in the gum of German stamps of 1921. Gum flaw: variety caused by paper covered unintentionally with gum and prohibits the printing ink to reach the surfaces of the paper. Gum shine: term used by collectors to differentiate three categories, the degree of reflectivity of light on the gum; dull gum, low gloss gum and shiny gum. Gum skip: area of a stamp where no gum has been applied; usually happens on selvedges. Gum stain: a discoloring of the gum usually caused by tropical humidity, salt air, etc. Gum: The mucilage applied to the backs of adhesive postage stamps, revenue stamps or envelope flaps. Gum is a concern of stamp collectors. It may crack and harm the paper of the stamp itself. It may stain or adhere to other stamps or album pages under certain climatic conditions. Many collectors are willing to pay extra for 19th- and some 20th-century stamps with intact, undisturbed original gum. Gum: the coating of an adhesive substance on the reverse of an unused or mint postage stamp; see never hinged, lightly hinged, original gum, partial original gum, ungummed, unused gum. Guma: (Pol.) gum. Gumaca, State of: bogus Philippine Island issue. Gummering: (Swed.) gum. Gummi: (Dan., Ger., Nor.) gum. Gummierung: (Ger.) gumming. Gummifejl: (Dan.) gum disturbance. Gums: obtained from plants, animals, trees and shrubs, can also be synthesized chemically by altering starches found in rice, wheat, potatoes and cassava (tapioca), or synthesized in the laboratory using basic chemical building blocks; see Arabic gum, British gum, Chemical gum, Dextrine gum, Self adhesive gum, Water soluble gums. Gunn’s Despatch: S. Allan Taylor label, 1864. Gut: (Ger.) good. Gutegroschen: currency unit in Brunswick, Hanover. Gutigua: British Colonial Royal Wedding frames from Surreal and Unreal Stickers. Gutter Pair: Pair of stamps with wide gutter between. The gutter separates the sheets into panes. Gutter Snipe: One or more stamps to which is attached the full gutter from between panes, plus any amount of an adjoining stamp or stamps. This term is typically used in reference to U.S. stamps. Gutter snipes are freaks caused by misregistration of the cutting device and paper foldover. Gutter ornaments: ornamentation in the colors of the stamps, printed in the pane gutters to use unprinted official paper. Gutter pair: two stamps with the selvage or gutter remaining between the pair. Gutter snipe: miscut of the pane leaving the entire gutter and occasionally a portion of the adjoining stamp. Gutter: The selvage, either unprinted or with plate numbers, advertising or accounting or control numbers, between the panes of a sheet of stamps. Gutter: the blank space between the panes of a sheet of stamps; gutters can be found on many of the Farleys Follies stamp issue of 1935. Guy. Franc.: (Fr.) overprint on stamps of French Colonies, French Guiana, 1886-92. Guyana: former crown colony of British Guiana, northeast coast of South America; currency: 100 cents = 1 dollar 1831:named British Guiana, 1856: issued famous 1-cent magenta, 1941: first official stamp, 1966, May 26: No.1, 2 cents dark green, became independent as Guyana, 1967: first postage due issued, 1967, March 22: joined the UPU, 1969: remainders of stamps sold as canceled-to-order, 1970, Feb. 23: Republic of Guyana formed, 1981, Nov. 14: first air mail stamps issued, Guyana: overprint on stamps of British Guiana, Guyana, 1966-68. Guyane Anglaise: (Fr.) British Guiana. Guyane Francais(e): (Fr.) inscription used on stamps of French Colonies, French Guiana, 1912-47. Guyane: (Fr.) inscription used on stamps of French Guiana, 1892-1904. Guyland, Republic of: Artistamp. Guys City Despatch: U.S. local post, Philadelphia, Pa. 1879. Gwalior: India Convention State; central province; 1885: No.1, 1/2 anna green, stamps of India with Gwalior overprint valid throughout Indian Empire, 1895: first official stamp issued, 1950, Apr.1: Republic of India stamps used, 1950, Dec. 31: convention states stamps no longer valid, 1951, Jan. 1: overprint on stamps of British India for use to any point in British India, replaced by stamps of the Republic of India. Gyarmatai: (Hung.)colonies. Gylden: (Dan.) golden (metallic color), see Guldfarve. Gyldengul: (Dan.) golden-yellow (color). Gyllen: (Dan., Nor.) golden (metallic color). Gyöngszürke: (Hung.)pearl-grey (color). Gyüjtemények: (Hung.)collections. Géorgie, La: inscription used on stamps of Georgia, 1919. Géorgie: (Fr.) Georgia. Görlitz: 1: Briefbeforderung Courier, German local, 1895-1900. 2: Express-Packet-Verkehr, 1886-1916. 3: German local, 1945. Görögoszág: (Hung.)Greece. Gösnitz: 1: Dick & Stutz Express-Packet, German local, 1891. 2: German local courier, 1893. Göteborg - Göteborg Privata Local Post: Local post established by a merchant, R. W. Lindhe, who formed it into a limited compant in 1889. A lithographed triangular 5 øre blue Lokal / Post / Göteborg local stamp depicting a heroic figure was issued in 1888, with a similar design 3 øre dark ultramarine being issued 29 December 1889, and a similar design (no value indication) yellow being issued 22 February 1889. The yellow issues were surcharged 1 øre, 2 øre, and 10 øre in violet or blue on 17 February 1889. Remainders were overprinted Stockholm for the Stockholms Privata Lokalpost (q.v.). Göteborg - Göteborg Stadspost Local Post: Local post established by Maria Ellen Willberg, with 1 øre blue, 2 øre green, and 3 øre red Göteborgs / Stadspost lithographed local stamps depicting King Gustav II issued on 24 April 1868. The rates were 3 øre for letters, postcards, or wrappers, and 10 øre for packages, but the rates were reduced dut to competition from Göteborgs Privata Lokalpost (q.v.). One type of local cancellation was used, usually in black, and rarely in blue; government post office cancellations are recorded, but are rare. The local post ceased operations on 23 March 1889. Göteborg - H. G. Hansson Privata Lokalposten Fern: Local post established by H.G. Hanson, with lithographed 3 öre violet and 5 øre blue Privata Lokalposten Ferm (Ferm = Färm = prompt) issued on 5 March 1926 Göteborg - Ivan R. A. Engstrom Enskilda Local Post: Local post established by Ivan R. A. Engstrom, with typographed 3 øre red and 5 øre yellow Ensk. Lokalpost (Ensk. = Enskilda [private]) local stamps depicting a castle being issued in 1926. Göteborg: (also Gothenburg) seaport and seat of Göteborg and Bohus province in SW Sweden, at mouth of Göta River on the Kattegat arm of the North Sea ca. 290 miles WSW of Stockholm. First local post (Göteborgs Stadpost) established by Maria Ellen Wilbergin in 1888. Several other local posts operated through the 1920s, to include Göteborg Privata Lokalpost, Göteberg Enskilda Local Post, and Privata Lokalpostem Ferm (q.v. individual Göteborg Local Post entries). gr.: (Ger.) catalog abbreviation for gray, grau (color).

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