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| Philatelic Glossary - C - |
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C Press: a three-color intaglio Giori webfed combination press used by the BEP starting about 1982; officially called Press 901.
C Press: three-color Goebel intaglio press used by the BEP.
C Stamp: US non-denominated stamp issued in 1981 with a value of 20¢.
C of A: Commonwealth of Australia, watermark with crown, 1931.
C-T-C: Celebrate the Century, a term used by the USPS for the various sheets of postage stamps issued for the 1900s.
C. Bravos: district overprint used on stamps of Mexico during 1856-1883 for Ciudad Bravos.
C. De Pesos: Philippines money unit; centimos in 1864; centavos in 1876.
C. P.: 1. Campbell Paterson Catalog of New Zealand. 2. commemorative panel; Scott Catalogue number suffix to identify stamps other than standard postage.
C. S. A. R.: Central South African Railways, Transvaal Railway stamps.
C. S.: Chief Secretary, South Australia official overprint,1868-74.
C. Sgn.: Colonial Surgeon, South Australia official overprint, 1868-74.
C. T.: Commissioner of Titles, South Australia official overprint, 1868-74.
C. W.: Canada West, when used in a postmark.
C. X. C.: Cyrillic overprint on stamps of Bosnia and Herzegovina for Jugoslavia.
C. X. C.: Cyrillic overprint on stamps of Bosnia and Herzegovina for Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia)
C. de B: Clyde V. DeBinder, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher Initials, Siderographer.
C. est de N.: Cartas Estrangeiros de Navios (Port.) foreign ship letter,1835.
C.& CO.: Colgate & Co., US cancel or revenue stamp overprint for face powder product, 1914-15.
C.A.B.: Condetta Antonio Bissoni, Venetian, 1732-33.
C.A.H.: Charles A. Hall, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher Initials, Siderographer.
C.B.N.: Canadian Bank Note Co., printer of Canada’s Customs Duty stamps, etc.
C.C.B.: Charles C. Brumm, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher Initials, Siderographer.
C.C.D.: Civil Censorship Department.
C.C.N.: overprint on stamps of French Colonies for Cochin China.
C.C.P.: 1: Collectors Club Philatelist (Journal of the CCNY), 2: abbreviation for chèque-postal, (Fr.) payment through postal checking account.
C.C.T.A.: Commission for Technical Cooperation in Africa, south of the Sahara.
C.C.V.: Compagnia Corrieri Veneti (It.) Venetian Couriers Company, pre-adhesive postmark.
C.Ch.: overprint on stamps of French Colonies for Cochin China.
C.E.F. Siberia: Canadian Expeditionary Forces, Siberia, 1918.
C.E.F.: 1: Cameroons Expeditionary Force; Cameroon surcharge on stamps of German Cameroun, British Occupation, 1915. 2: overprint on stamps of India for China Expeditionary Force, first issue in Boxer Rebellion, 1900; see China Expeditionary Force.
C.F.A. Franc: (French African Community franc) unit of currency in Benin, Burkino Faso, Cameroun, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Mali, New Caledonia, Niger Republic, Senegal, Togo.
C.F.A.: 1: overprint on stamps of France for Colonies Françaises d’Afrique, currency in French African francs, 1945. 2: overprint on French issues for Reunion. 3: overprint on stamps of France for Communauté Financière Africaine (Fr.) Community of French Africa, 1960.
C.F.C.: Compagnia Fedelissima dei Corrieri (It.) Company of Most Reliable Couriers, private courier organization, Venice, 1771-92.
C.F.M.: Charles F. Malloy, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher Initials, Siderographer.
C.F.P. Franc: (French Pacific Community franc) unit of currency used in French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis & Futuna.
C.F.P.O.(S): see Canadian Forces Post Office(s).
C.F.P.U.: see Canadian Forces Postal Unit.
C.F.R.N.A.: the French-owned Cie. Franco-Roumaine de Navigation Aérienne airline, which conducted several international pioneer first flights in the early 1920s.
C.G.H.: used in Cape of Good Hope, complicated parallel line design to prevent washing of stamp for reuse, 1853-63.
C.G.H.S: Commission de Gouvernment Haute Silésie (Government of Upper Silesia) overprint on official stamps of Germany, for Upper Silesia, 1920-21.
C.G.R.: Cape Government Railways; overprint on stamps for railway mail from Caledon, Cape Province, 1911-12.
C.G.T.: “Compagnie Generale Transatlantique” General Transatlantic Company, a French packet company that brought mail to and from the Danish West Indies, etc.
C.H.R.: Charles H. Roll, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher Initials, Siderographer.
C.H.X.: Charing Cross, London; 1829-58.
C.I.C.I.: Congress of the International Colonial Institute, overprint on stamps of Portugal, 1933.
C.I.F.: (Sp.) Congreso Internacional de Filatelia, International Philatelic Congress, 1960.
C.I.H.S.: Commission Interalliée Haute-Silésie (Ger.) InterAllied Commission for Upper Silesia, hand stamp / overprint on stamps of Germany, official use, Feb.1920.
C.I.R.: Clarence I. Ronsaville, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher Initials, Siderographer.
C.I.S.: 1: Commission Interalliée Slesvig (Ger.) Interallied Commission for Schleswig, 1920. 2: see Commonwealth of Independent States.
C.L. & M. (Colusa, Lake & Medocino Telegraph Company): issued telegraph stamps for firms’ own telegrams, US, 1876.
C.L.D.: Crown Lands Department frank, Canadian.
C.L.N. / Ossola Libera / 10.9.44: (It.) overprint for Domodossola, Italy, see C.L.N.
C.L.N. / Posta Italiane / Zona Aosta: (It.) inscription for Aosta, Italy, see C.L.N.
C.L.N. / Sondalo / Pro / Tubercolotici: (It.) overprint, see C.L.N.
C.L.N. Italia Posta Partigiana: (It.) inscription for Parma, Italy, unissued, see C.L.N.
C.L.N.: Comitati di Liberazione Nazionale (It.) National Liberation Committees, 1943-44: inscription / overprint on stamps of Italy for local use.
C.M. Stamps Exp.Del.: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
C.M.B.G.: Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group.
C.M.C. Courier Services: local post, Canada, 1987.
C.M.H.: Clinton M. Hisle, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher Initials, Siderographer.
C.M.S. Post: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
C.M.T.: surcharge found on the 1916-1918 regular and postage due issues of Austria for use during the 1919 Romanian occupation of Kolomyya (Ger. Kolomea, Pol. Kolomyja), Ukraine: Comandamentul Militar Territorial (Territorial Military Headquarters). Kolomyya is located in SW Ukraine on the Prut River ca. 30 miles SSE of Ivano-Frankivsk, at the E end of the gateway through the E Carpathanian Mountains via the Jablonica Pass.
C.N.: can refer to either Cherokee Nation, Chickasaw Nation, Choctaw Nation; when used in a postmark, see Cherokee Nation.
C.N.C.: Chinese National Currency, 1948.
C.N.E.P.: Chambre syndicale francaise des Negociants En Philatelie (Fr.) French stamp dealers association.
C.O. Constantinople: (It.) Ottoman Company, Constantinople; Turkish Steamship Co.,1840-62.
C.O.D.: see Collect on Delivery.
C.R.p.P: correspondance Russe par Prusse (Fr.) mail from Russia via Prussia, 1866.
C.S.1.R.: (Fr.) Correspondance Sarde 1 Rayon, Kingdom of Sardinia Mail, First Radius; mail to nearby nations.
C.S.F.P.: (Fr.) Chambre Syndicale Française de la Philatelie French Philatelic Traders Society.
C.S.I.R/VINCEREMO: (It.) bogus, Italian Expeditionary Force in Russia/We Will Win, overprint on stamps of Italy.
C.S.N.E.T.P: (Fr.) Chambre Syndicale des Negociants et Experts en Timbres-Poste Philatelic Traders and Experts Society.
C.U.P.A.E.: (Sp.) Congreso de la Unión Postal de las Américas y España, 1946.
C.V.I.: Col Vapore Italiano (It.) by Italian steamer.
C.VL.: (Fr.) Correspondence Valaisanne; pre-adhesive postmark used on Wallis region of Switzerland, 1935.
C.a.D.: (Fr.) cachet à date; dated postmark.
C.de E.: Correspondencia d’Espana (Sp.) Spanish correspondence.
CA: 1: Crown Agents, watermark on stamps of the British Commonwealth. 2: overprint on stamps of Colombia, sold in Canada for SCADTA airline mail to Cuba. 3: Caisse d’Amortissement, (Fr.) overprint / surcharge on French semipostal, to reduce national debt. 4: auction firm abbreviation for Commonwealth of Australia. 5: USPS abbreviation for California. 6: Correspondance de l’Arrondissement (Fr.) official mail, 1836-38. 7: auction abbreviation for catapult mail.
CAC: Chapter Activities Committee, American Philatelic Society.
CAM: see Contract Air Mail.
CAN: international postal code for Canada.
CANEJ: Committee on the Accreditation of National Exhibitions and Judges, APS.
CAP: Codice di Avviamento Postale (It.) postal code with five numbers, 1967.
CAPEX: CAnadian Philatelic EXhibition, beginning in 1951 and continuing in 1978, 1987 and 1996.
CAPO: Canadian Army Post Office.
CAR: 1: Central African Republic. 2: Città aperta Roma (It.), Rome open city, overprint on Italian imperial series, may be bogus.
CASB: Crown Agents Stamp Bureau
CASC: Canadian Army Service Corps; see RCASC.
CB: 1: Scott Catalogue prefix to identify air post semipostal stamps. 2: Cape Breton, when used in a postmark. 3: Correspondence Baloise (Fr.) pre-adhesive postmark for mail from Basel, Switzerland. 4: USPS term for convertible book, pane of stamps having a peel off strip that can be removed so as to fold the pane into booklet form. 5: Central Biçêtre (Fr.) Central Prison, 1792. 6: Cyons Brown, French cancel or revenue stamp overprint for face powder product, 1915-16.
CBO: Scott Catalogue prefix to identify air post semipostal official stamps.
CBRS: Charles Brooke Raja Sarawak, letters in four corners on first stamps of Sarawak; Brooke made Rajah of Sarawak after he helped put down a rebellion in 1841.
CC: 1: cut cancel. 2: corner card. 3: Crown Colonies watermark. 4: corner crease. 5: crash cover. 6: Correspondance Cantonale (Fr.) canton mail, known used in Belgium, 1847. 7: “Cs” surmounted by crown, Post Office of the King, Charles X,1825-30.
CCC: Collectors Club of Chicago, founded 1928.
CCCP: now Russia, Cyrillic inscription on stamps of the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), Aug. 19, 1933, first usage
CCNY: Collectors Club of New York.
CCPS: Christopher Columbus Philatelic Society.
CD: 1: Convict Department, South Australia official overprint, 1868-74. 2: correspondence locale distribution (Fr.) local letters posted at smaller ofices,1833-58.
CDS, cds: see Circular Date Stamp.
CE: 1: Scott Catalogue prefix to identify air mail special delivery stamps. 2: Canada East, when used in a postmark.
CEA: European Confederation of Agriculture.
CECA: European Coal and Steel Community, seen on Europa stamps.
CEEA: European Community for Atomic Energy, seen on Europa stamps.
CEH: European Time Table Conference.
CEN: Comite Européen de Normalisation (Fr.) European Standards Organization; has a committee on establishing postal standards (CEN TC 331) for all European nations; as of 2001, over 5,000 standar ds were available.
CEPT: Conference of European Postal and Telecommunications Administrations.
CERN: (Fr.) Centra Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, European Center for Nuclear Research.
CF: 1: Scott Catalogue prefix to identify air mail registration stamps. 2: Communauté Française (Fr.) French community. 3: Canadian Flight covers. 4: Correspondance Française, Colonies Françaises (Fr.) French Correspondence; French Colonies.
CH Post, Hounslow: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
CH: 1: (followed by Oriental characters) Korea. 2: Colombla-SCADTA consular overprint for Chile. 3: (Fr.) abbreviation for “charnière(s)” hinge(s), hinged. 4: Court House, found in some early US postmarks. 5: House of Commons. 6: Correspondance Hollandaise (Fr.) Dutch, 1809. 7: surcharge on stamps of Iran, 1928. 8: international postal code for Switzerland.
CHI: international postal code for Chile.
CIA Invert: term applied to a US stamp featuring a candlestick holder that was found upside down by CIA employees when buying stamps at their local USPS post office, Sc.1610c.
CIGTTE.: overprint abbreviation for cigarette on US Cigarette Tube revenue stamps.
CIPEX: see Centenary International Philatelic Exhibition.
CKOS: Central Committee for Capital Rebuilding, Polish charity label.
CL: 1: Scott Catalogue prefix to identify air mail semi-official stamps. 2: Crown Lands, South Australia official overprint, 1868-74. 3: correspondence locale distribution (Fr.) local letters posted at smaller offices, 1833-58. 4: international postal code for Sri Lanka.
CM: 1: Corrier Maggior (It.) pre-adhesive postmark for Venetian Postmaster General. 2: Censura Militar (Sp.) military censor. 3: carte maximum (Fr.), maximum card. 4: Commonwealth of the Marianas, when used in a postmark.
CNI / Pirano: Compagnia Navale Istria/Pirano (It.) ship letter stamp, 1823.
CO: 1: Scott Catalogue prefix to identify air mail official stamps. 2: Commissariat Officer, South Australia official overprint,1868-74. 3: USPS abbreviation for Colorado. 4: Chief Office, Britain, 1794-96. 5: Compagnia Ottomana (It.) Constantinople, 1851.
COD: Codfish Air Lines, nickname for Korean war planes that carried mail and supplied between shore stations and an aircraft carrier.
COMEX: Comisión de Expertos Filatélicos (de Barcelona) (Sp.) stamp expert committee.
COMSS: California, Oregon and Mexico Steam Ship Co.,1867 handstamp on mail from Hawaii.
CONTINENTAL BANK NOTE COMPANY: Company which held the contract for printing U.S. stamps from 1873 to 1879.
CONVERTIBLE BOOKLET: A small pane of self-adhesive stamps manufactured so it can be folded into a booklet.
COPO: Council of Philatelic Organizations, USA.
COROS: Collectors of Religion on Stamps, USA.
COSSU: Chess-on-Stamps Study Unit.
CPASC: Canadian Permanent Army Service Corps; see: RCASC.
CPNY: Censorship Passed New York, military mail marking.
CPO: USPS term for Community post office, operated by persons who are not postal employees.
CPU: USPS term for contract postal unit, operated under contract by persons who are not postal employees.
CPV: see: Constant plate variety.
CQ: airmail parcel post; Scott Catalogue number prefix to identify stamps other than standard postage.
CR: 1. Caledonian Railway. 2. Cacabau Rex, native king of Fiji, 1871-74 issues. 3. Costa Rica, country code as used by UPU.
CS: 1. precedes the European postal code on addresses in Czechoslovakia, such as CS-15000, Prague. 2. (It.) Correspondenza Sarda, pre-adhesive postmark on mail from Kingdom of Sardinia.
CSA: Confederate States of America. CSA issues refer to the general and provisional stamp issues produced by the Confederacy.
CSAC: Citizens Stamp Advisory Committee.
CSDA: Canadian Stamp Dealers Association
CSG: Charles S. Gay, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher, Siderographer.
CT: (It.) Corrispondenza Ticinese prepayment hand stamp from Ticino Canton of Switzerland. 2: USPS abbreviation for Connecticut.
CTA: (Sp.) abbreviation of completa used in auction catalogs, a complete set or series.
CTO: see: Canceled-to-Order.
CTOT: unit of currency on stamps of Bulgaria.
CU: Cuba, country code as used by UPU.
CUT CORNER: An area in the upper right corner of an envelope or card that has been removed from the original piece.
CV da Trieste: (It.) Col Vapore da Trieste from Trieste by steamship, pre-adhesive postmark.
CV da Venezia: (It.) Col Vapore da Venezia from Venice by steamship, pre-adhesive postmark
CV: 1. catalog value. 2. Cape Verde, country code as used by UPU. 3. Charles Vermeule, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher, Siderographer.
CVDeB: Clyde V. DeBinder, BEP employee initials, 1906-1928; see Plate Finisher, Siderographer.
CVP: computer vended postage.
CWO: cash with order.
CY: Cyprus, country code as used by UPU.
CZ: precedes the European postal code on addresses in the Czech Republic, such as CZ- 15021, Prague. - Czech (Rep.), country code as used by UPU.
Cabecera de Hoja: (Sp.) heading or top marginal inscription of a stamp sheet.
Cabeza del Buey: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Cabezones: (Sp.) “Big Heads” term for stamps of Spain, the “Franco Head” issues after 1955.
Cabinda: part of the People’s Republic of Angola; 1894-1920: known as Portuguese Congo when it had its own stamps, 1920: used stamps of Angola; see Portuguese Congo.
Cabinet Noir: (Fr.) black closet, censorship of mail in 16th century France.
Cabinettstück: (Ger.) very fine copy.
Cabo Blanco: see Rio de Oro.
Cabo Delgado: bogus, Nyassa Company, Portuguese Mozambique province, 1890s.
Cabo Gracias a Dios: (Sp.) “Cape Thanks to God” overprint on province of Nicaragua, 1904-09; 1905: first stamps issued, “Cabo,” “C,” “Costa Atlantica” overprints to prevent currency manipulation, own stamps required because currency was based on silver, while rest of Nicaragua used paper money used to fill dealers’ orders, never regularly issued or used, 1907: overprinted “Costa / Atlantica / C,” first official stamps used overprint “Cabo,” 1909: overprinted “C / Dpto.Zelaya,” Zelaya, province of Nicaragua required separate stamps due to currency differences, see Nicaragua, Zelaya.
Cabo Jubi: surcharge on stamps of Rio de Oro, for Cape Juby, 1916; see Cape Juby.
Cabo Juby: overprint on stamps of Rio de Oro, Spain (1919-33), Spanish Morocco, (1934-48) for Cape Juby; see Cape Juby.
Cabo Verde: inscription on stamps of Spanish Administration, Portuguese Africa, Cape Verde Islands; see Cape Verde.
Cabo de Buena Esperanza: (Sp.) Cape of Good Hope.
Cabra: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Cabus Publicus: Roman postal service, app. 250 BC.
Caceres: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Cach, Cht: auction abbreviation for cachet(ed).
Caches: overprint on postage dues of France and French Colonies; for use in French India on postage dues.
Cachet (ka-shay): In French, cachet means a stamp or a seal. In cover collecting, a cachet refers to a printed or handstamped design on an envelope denoting some special feature of the cover. Cachets appear on modern first-day covers, first-flight covers and special event covers.
Cachet Circulaire: (Fr.) circular cancellation.
Cachet Faux: (Fr.) forged cancel.
Cachet Maker: someone who designs and produces cachets, either for sale or for personal use
Cachet Manuel: (Fr.) hand cancel.
Cachet Muet: (Fr.) special cancellation, temporary.
Cachet Méchanique: (Fr.) machine cancel.
Cachet Postale: (Fr.) postmark.
Cachet Rond: (Fr.) circular cancellation.
Cachet Spécial: (Fr.) special cancellation.
Cachet au Dos: (Fr.) backstamp; postmark applied to back of incoming mail to show date and time of receipt at the receiving post office.
Cachet de Bord: (Fr.) on board cancel.
Cachet de Cîre: (Fr.) seal (wax).
Cachet de Fantaisie: (Fr.) fancy cancellation.
Cachet de Fortune: (Fr.) improvised cachet.
Cachet de Garantie: (Fr.) French proprietary stamp guaranteeing that goods with stamp affixed are genuine.
Cachet de la Localite: (Fr.) town postmark.
Cachet en Bois: (Fr.) wooden hand stamp.
Cachet en Caoutchouc: (Fr.) rubber handstamp.
Cachet à Date Circulaire: (Fr.) circular date stamp.
Cachet à Date: (Fr.) date stamp.
Cachet à Main: (Fr.) handstamp, a hand-held device for printing that is struck on an ink pad, and then applied to paper.
Cachet: 1: a rubber stamp or printed impression on an envelope which describes the event for which the envelope was mailed; cachets are used for first days of issue, first flights, naval events, stamp exhibitions, etc. 2: rubber stamp or seal, not postal. 3: small marks made by dealers, experts on backs of stamps as marks of authenticity or identification. 4: can be privately applied or officially applied by a post office; also known as “Signum.”
Cacheted Cover: an envelope bearing a type of decoration, tied in to the design of the stamp or a special event.
Cacheter: (Fr.) to seal.
Cacheté(e): (Fr.) sealed.
Cacto: (It., Sp.) cactus, thematic subject.
Cactus: US Navy code name during WW II for Guadalcanal Island, British Solomon Islands.
Cactées: (Fr.) cactus, thematic subject.
Cadaques: bogus issue for Spain, see Evans, Donald.
Cadastre: (Fr.) Registration of Deeds; French Colony revenue inscription.
Caderneta (de selos): (Port.) booklet (of postage stamps).
Cadiz viva Español: Cadiz, city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local semipostal surcharge, Nationalist, Republican forces, 1936-37.
Cadmus Express Co.: local freight firm, serviced Norwich and New York Line steamboats, operated in Boston and New York City, used a label, year unknown.
Cadre: (Fr.) frame, border, the outer decorative border of a stamp design.
Cadres Varies: (Fr.) different ornaments used on same type of stamp.
Cady, Charles L.: sip that carried mail between San Francisco and Fort Sacramento, 1847.
Cafeniu-brun: (Rom.) coffee-brown (color).
Cafeniu: (Rom.) coffee (color).
Cage: a secure, enclosed area in a postal facility, where registered mail and other accountable mail is kept, USPS term.
Caicos Islands: Caribbean island chain; part of the Turks and Caicos Islands; 1981, July 24: No.1,1 cent multicolor, Turks and Caicos Islands stamps overprinted “Caicos Islands,” 1985, Dec. 5: last stamp issued, see Turks and Caicos Islands.
Caillie, Rene, explorer: common design on stamps of the French Community of Nations, 1939.
Caimanes: (Fr.) Cayman Islands.
Cairns Colonial Club Resort: cinderella stamp from Cairns, Australia.
Cairo: 1: city in Egypt, Interpostal Seals used 1864-84, see Interpostal Seals. 2: French post offices opened Nov. 1865-March 1875.
Caisse d’Amortissement: (Fr.) Sinking Fund inscription for reduction of national debt, semipostal issue; 1927-31, overprinted / surcharged “CA” 1927.
Caja Postal de Ahorros: (Sp.) Post Office Savings Bank, used as a cancel on letters.
Cala: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1936-37.
Calanas: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist, 1936.
Calasparra: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist, 1937.
Calcado en el Reverso: (Sp.) offset design on the back of a stamp due to ink on stamp sheet underneath not being dry.
Calchi, Carchi: island in the Dodecanese Sea, Aegean Islands, between Greece and Turkey; 1912: No.1, 2 centesimi orange-brown, occupied by Italy, 1912-29: overprint, “Carchi,” “Calchi” and “ Karki” on stamps of Italy, 1930, 1932: two sets overprinted with island’s name issued, now part of Greece. 1912-32: stamps of Italy overprinted with names of islands: Calchi , Calimno, Caso, Coo, Fero, Fisso, Nisiro, Patmo, Piscopi, Rhodes, Scarpanto, Simi and Stampalia, 1943-45: German occupation, 1945, June 11: British post offices opened, British Middle East Forces, 1947: British post offices closed, stamps of Greece stamps used since.
Calcio: (It.) football, thematic subject.
Calcograbado: (Sp.) printed by chalcography; a process of engraving on copper or brass, copper-plate engraving.
Caldas: Correos Departmentales (Sp.); local post, Department of Caldas, Colombia, 1931.
Calderillas de Carton, Calderillas de Cartulina: (Sp.) low value coin-like cardboard discs with a postage or fiscal stamp stuck on the front, Spanish coat of arms on the back; 1938-March 31,1939: issued in the civil war Republican Zone until the end of hostilities to help alleviate the shortage of small change.
Caldes de Malavella: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Caldes de Montbui: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Caldes d’Estrac: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Caldey: local post, island off the coast of Wales bearing owner’s name, issued labels, 1973.
Cale ferata: (Rom.) railroad, railway.
Caledonian Courier: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Caledonian Railway Company: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Calendar Collector: one who saves a date cancel on a postage stamp for every day of the year.
Calender: paper maker term for passing paper through a series of chilled metal rollers when a smooth surface is desired.
Calf of Man: Great Britain local post carriage label, 400 different labels were printed, 1962-72.
Cali: district in Colombia, 1902.
Calidades Diversas: (Sp.) average, sound copy, not too heavily postmarked.
Calif.: abbreviation for California prior to Zip Code usage.
California City Letter Express Co.: US local post, San Francisco, CA., 1862-66
California Penny Post Co.: US local post, California and Nevada, 1855-59.
California State Telegraph Company: US telegraph stamps issued for use on firm’s telegrams, 1870-75; originated booklets of telegraph stamps.
California: ceded from Mexico Feb. 2, 1848; became a state Sept. 9, 1895.
Calimno: see Calino.
Calino, Calimno: island in the Dodecanese Island, Aegean Sea, between Greece and Turkey; 16th century-post: under Turkish rule, 1912-pre: used stamps of Turkey, 1912: No.1, 2 centesimi orange-brown, overprint / surcharge “Calimno” on stamps of Italy, 1916: used Italian stamps without overprints, 1920: Turkey ceded group to Italy, 1929: Aegean islands’ general issues, 1930,1932: sets overprinted with island’s name, 1943, Sept.: became part of Greece, 1943: reoccupied by German forces, 1945: liberated by Allied forces, 1945, July 4: British Post offices opened as Calymnos, stamps of Britain overprinted “M.E.F.” (Middle East Forces), when islands transferred to Greece, 1947, Mar. 31: British post offices closed; stamps of Greece overprinted “S.D.D.” (Dodecanese Military Occupation), 1947, July: stamps of Greece used; name changed to Kalimnos; see M.E.F.; S.D.D.
Caliphate of Soma: bogus, Artistamp, private label producer.
Calla: caused by overinking of “Callao” on stamps of Peru.
Callao: Peru overprint on stamps of Chile for city of Callao, Chilean Occupation, 1879-82.
Callaway, Kingdom of: bogus, ads overprinted on US stamps for a homecoming celebration.
Callosa de Segura: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Calosc Pocztowa: (Pol.) postage stamp on cover; (postal) entire.
Caluda, Territoires (Katibo): bogus South America issue, see Evans, Donald.
Calve Island: small island off the coast of Mull; Scotland bogus label, 1970s?
Camaguey: see Puerto Principe.
Cambiamento: (It.) alteration.
Cambio de Color: (Sp.) change of color, variation.
Cambio: (Sp.) 1: alteration, pocket change, exchange rate. 2: cancels refer to Foreign Section Sorting Offices; see Estafeta de Cambio.
Cambodge: (Fr.) Cambodia.
Cambodia: southeastern Asia, between Thailand, Vietnam and Laos, aka Kampuchea, Khmer Republic; Official name of postal administration: Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Currency: 100 cents = 1 piaster, 100 sen = 1 riel (1955) 1863, Aug.11: French protectorate, 1887: incorporated into Union of Indo-China, used stamps of Indo-China, 1936, Nov. 20: stamps of Indo-China inscribed “Cambodge,” 1941: constitutional monarchy established, 1944, Mar.: king proclaimed independence, Kingdom of Cambodia, 1945: French rule restored, 1946, Jan.7: became autonomous kingdom within French Union, 1951, Nov.3: No.1, 10 cent dark blue-green, first stamps after independence, became a member of the French Union, stamps inscribed “Royaume du Cambodge,” 1951, Dec. 21: joined the UPU, 1952, Oct. 20: first semipostal stamp issued, 1953, Apr. 16: first air mail stamp issued, 1953, Nov. 9: independence from France, 1954, Dec.1: overprint “International Commission Cambodia” on stamps of India, 1955, Sep. 25: left French Union to become fully independent, 1957: first postage due stamp issued, 1970, Oct. 9: Khmer Republic proclaimed, 1971, Mar.18: “Republique Khmere” inscribed on stamps, 1975, Apr.: Khmer Republic name changed to Democratic Kampuchea, 1979: name changed to People’s Republic of (Democratic) Kampuchea (Republique Populaire du Kampuchea), 1989: inscription on stamps “Etat du Cambodge,” State of Cambodia, 1993: Kingdom of Cambodia; UN sponsored elections, stamps inscribed “Royaume du Cambodge.”
Cambogia: (It.) Cambodia.
Cambrian Railway: Wales local post.
Cambridge Emergency P.S.: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Cambridge: local posts, United Kingdom; training stamps for practice instruction on how to properly address, frank and post a letter. 1: Queens’ College, 1883. 2: Saint John’s College, 1883-85. 3: Selwyn College, 1882.
Cambridgeport Express Co.: parcel firm serviced Cambridgeport and Boston, Mass.
Camden Emergency P.S.: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Camden, S.C. Paid 5, 10: see Confederate Postmasters’ Provisionals.
Camel Postman: Sudan stamp design, 1897 to 1940.
Camels: 1: carried official dispatches between Army posts in US 1853-56, no markings known. 2: used to carry mail throughout North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia.
Cameo Head: 1: round or oval portrait used as part of a stamp’s design. 2: resembles cameo jewelry; reverse of ivory head, latter is a whitish head on a blued paper background, former shows a bluish head on a more of less whitish paper background; cause of this reverse effect is unknown. 3: early watermark variety on some Great Britain and Colonies blue-paper issues.
Cameo Private P.S.: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Cameos of The Gambia: June 1880; cameo art at its best; cameos featuring Queen Victoria.
Cameroons, Southern: see Cameroons.
Cameroons: western Africa, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria; Official name of Postal Administration: Ministère des Postes et Tèlècommunications Currency: 100 pfennig = 1 mark, 12 pence = 1 shilling, 100 centimes = 1 CFA franc 1882, Aug. 10: German Protectorate, Reichs Post office authorized “Postal Steamer;” used stamps of Germany, 1887, Feb. 1: used stamps of Germany at Duala with “Kamerun” cancel, 1897-pre: stamps of standard German designs overprinted “Kamerun,” 1900: No.1, 3 pfennige yellow-brown, “Kamerun” inscription on standard German Colonial design stamps, called forerunner usage, 1900, Nov.: “Kaiser’s” yacht S.M.S. Hohenzollern design series, 1914, Aug.14 -16: captured by Allied forces, 1915, July: Britain surcharge C.E.F. (Cameroons Expeditionary Force) on stamps of Germany, 1915, Nov.10: overprint, “Corps Expéditionnaire Franco-Anglais Cameroun,” on stamps of Gabon whose inscriptions read “Congo Français” and “Afrique Equatoriale,” 1916, May: overprint “Occupation Française du Cameroun” on stamps of French Congo and Middle Congo, 1916, May: overprint “Cameroun Occupation Française” on stamps of Moyen (Middle) Congo, 1920-pre: stamps of Nigeria used in British Cameroons, 1920s: mourning label, yacht and flag design, issued by German stamp dealer Sigmund Hartig, 1921: overprint “Cameroun” on stamps of Middle Congo, 1922: mandated to Britain and France by League of Nations, stamps of Nigeria used in British section, 1925: first definitive design without overprint, first postage due stamp issued, 1938: first semipostal stamp issued, 1940: stamps of Cameroun overprinted “Cameroun Français 27.8.40 to note Cameroon’s affiliation with DeGaulle’s “Free France” movement, 1941: stamps inscribed “Cameroun” issued by the Vichy government but not sold in Cameroun, 1942: first air mail stamp issued, 1945: British area divided into Northern and Southern Cameroons, 1946: French Cameroons became trust territory, 1960, Jan.1: French area became independent State of Cameroun, stamps inscribed “Etat du Cameroun,” 1960, July 26: joined the UPU, 1960: Northern Cameroons, British area, became part of Nigeria, 1960, Oct. 1: Southern Cameroons overprint on stamps of Nigeria “Cameroons U.K.T.T” (United Kingdom Trust Territory), 1961, Oct. 1: UKTT area and former French Cameroons merged and joined the Cameroun Republic by plebiscite, bilingual inscription “Republique Uni du Cameroun / Republic of Cameroon,” 1963, July 1: first military stamp issued, 1972, May 20: Republic Day, became United Republic of Cameroon, first stamps July 20, 1972.
Cameroun: (Fr.) overprint on stamps of French Congo (1921), Middle Congo (1916) or Gabon (1915); see Cameroons.
Camoscio: (It.) buff (color).
Camp Dewey: label for Junior Naval Reserves, Camp Dewey, CT, about 1910.
Campaign Cover: postal item mailed by military personnel on active service in wartime, normally marked with endorsements such as “On Active Service” etc.
Campamento M.U.: (Sp.) Milicias Universitarias, camps for national servicemen from universities.
Campanile San Marco: (It.) fund raising label for reconstruction of bell tower in Piazza San Marco, Venice, Italy.
Campaña Contra el Cancer: (Sp.) surcharge on stamps of Ecuador for International Union for Control of Cancer, obligatory on all mail from Nov. 23-30, 1938.
Campaña Contra el Paludismo: (Sp.) campaign against malaria inscription on postal tax labels, Mexico; 1939.
Campaña: (Sp.) military campaign; see Estafeta de Campaña.
Campbell Island: New Zealand civil aviation meteorological station, has own post office, 1941.
Campbell Paterson Catalogue: principal New Zealand stamp catalog.
Campbell, Duncan and John: organized first postal network in America, for mail to and from Boston to New York, 1693.
Campdevanol: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Campeche: provisional issues; 1856-1883: overprint used on stamps of Mexico for this district, 1876: No.1, 5 centavos gray-blue and blue, 1876: issued stamps for expulsion of Emperor Maximilian.
Campillo(s): city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Campion, J.W & Co.: inscription on US match stamp; see Private Die Proprietary Stamps.
Campionaria di Tripoli: with “Poste Italiane,” Tripolitania, on stamps of Libya, 1934.
Campione dItalia : local post, Italian enclave within borders of Switzerland; 1944, May 20: issued its own stamps for local post mail and mail to Switzerland, inscribed “R.R. Poste Italiane / Comune de Campione,” 1944, May 31: stamps of Italy used, 1944, Sep.7: Swiss stamps issued, 1952: Swiss and Italian stamps used depending on what route the mail is to take.
Campo de Concentracion de Prisioneros de Guerra: (Sp.) prisoner of war camp.
Camprodon: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Camvisdar: Indian States term for native revenue officer.
Canaa: labels issued in British island for a society project.
Canada Official: first day covers produced by the Canadian postal administration.
Canada Postal Strike Label: local post, spoof labels, 1978, 1981.
Canada: Northern North America, north of the United States; Official name of postal administration: Canada Post Corporation Currency: 12 pence = 1 shilling, 100 cents = 1 dollar (1859) 1763-pre: under French rule, transferred to Britain in 1763, 1763: British North American postal services used, 1784: Canada had its own postmaster general, 1792: Canada-US Postal Convention; postal agreement for transportation of mail from Canada to Great Britain via New York, 1851, Apr. 23: No.1, 3 pence red, first stamps as the Province of Canada, first cancellations were a numeral with four concentric rings; 1858: used two concentric rings as postmark, 1867, July 1: Dominion of Canada formed with provinces of Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, 1871: British Columbia and Vancouver Island became a province of Dominion of Canada, 1873: Prince Edward Island became province of Dominion of Canada, 1875: first registration stamp, 1878, Mar.: first stamp valid throughout Canadian Confederation and new provinces, 1878, July 1: joined the UPU with New Territories, 1898: first special delivery stamp, 1906: first postage due stamp issued, 1915, Mar.15: first war tax stamp, 1928, Sep. 21: first air mail stamp issued, 1942: first air mail special delivery stamp, 1949, Apr.1: Newfoundland joined Canada, used Canadian stamps, 1949: first official, air mail official stamps issued, 1950: first special delivery official stamp issued, 1974, Apr.17: first semipostal stamp issued, 1979: postal code stamp issued; see Canadian Provinces of British Columbia, Vancouver Island, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island.
Canada: Upbeat Goose 7¢; unissued Great Britain cinderella by David Horry, 2001.
Canada; American Revolutionary Army: occupied Montreal from Nov. 13, 1775 to June 1776, setting up an American Post 0ffice.
Canadian Airways Ltd.: semiofficial air mail local post, about 50 stamps were used by various private air services to frank mail, 1918-32.
Canadian Army Postal Corp: formed in 1911 to deliver mail to Canadian armed forces.
Canadian Bank Note Company: formed on Nov. 30, 1922, formerly the American Bank Note Company of Canada, produced most of the Canadian stamps.
Canadian Express Co.: regional private mail and parcel firm serviced eastern US and Canadian towns near the border; used corner card and labels; 1865-1921.
Canadian Forces Post Office (CFPO): receives mail in various armed forces operational theaters for sorting and forwarding to the troops.
Canadian Forces Postal Unit (CFPU): established in 1971 in Belleville, Ontario as a regulating center for all military mail; receives all inbound and outbound mail addressed to CFPOs around the world; see Canadian Forces Post Office.
Canadian Map Stamp: used three-color printing and map of the British Empire, issued Dec. 7, 1898.
Canadian National Express Co.: private parcel delivery firm serviced all of Canada, 1920s.
Canadian Republic: a provisional government formed by Louis Riel in Canada’s Red River district; Riel’s portrait appeared on a presumed essay, 1869.
Canadian Transfer Co. Limited: private parcel delivery firm that serviced Toronto, 1900s.
Canadiana: a postal item related to Canada, issued by a postage issuing authority other than Canada Post; Canada named on the stamp of another nation.
Canadisk: (Dan.) Canadian.
Canal Boat Mail: 1: initiated in 1691 on the Canal du Midi, France. 2: Act of Congress, permitted carrying mail on canals, 1836.
Canal Maritime de Suez: Suez Canal local post stamps, 1868.
Canal Zone: Central America, zone extends about five miles on either side of Panama Canal; Currency: 100 centavos = 1 peso, 100 centesimos = 1 balboa, 100 cents = 1 dollar 1904-79: name of Panama Canal when controlled by the US, 1904, June 24: No.1, 2 centavos rose, Canal Zone overprint on stamps of Panama, 1914, Mar.: first postage due stamp issued, 1924: stamps of US overprinted, 1928: Canal Zone stamps issued, 1929: first air mail stamp issued, 1941: first official, air mail official stamps issued, 1979, Sep. 30: US Canal Zone Postal Service stopped operation, 1979, Oct. 1: Panamanian Postal Service took over postal operations, 1999, Dec. 31: Canal transferred to Panama.
Canarias: Canary Islands, Spanish Civil War, local post overprint, Republican forces, 1936-37.
Canaro: overprint for Fiume, Italian occupation of Arbe and Veglia.
Canary Islands: off coast of Morocco; 1854: used stamps of Spain, 1936, Oct. 27: first stamps issued for use via Lufthansa, 1936, Oct. 27: air mail stamps overprinted for Lufthansa service to Brazil, see Spain.
Canc: abbreviation for canceled.
Canc?: auction term for suspicious cancel.
Cancel, Official: official USPS postmark at First Day of Issue site.
Cancel: 1: defacement of a stamp to prevent its reuse. 2: marks indicating date, rate, route, or place of mailing.
Cancelación Falsa: (Sp.) forged cancel.
Cancelación: (Sp.) cancellation; mark placed on a stamp by a postal authority to deface the stamp and prevent its reuse; usually indicates location and date.
Cancelado a Pluma: (Sp.) pen-canceled.
Cancelado a la Orden: (Sp.) see Canceled to Order.
Cancelado: (Port., Sp.) canceled.
Cancelamento: (Port.) cancellation; mark placed on a stamp by a postal authority to deface the stamp and prevent its reuse; usually indicates location and date.
Canceled Flight: marking on covers for a planned flight which was not made due to weather, aircraft problem or other reason; a canceled flight cover is a non-flown cover.
Canceled To Order (CTO): Stamps are canceled to order, usually in full sheets, by many governments. Often, the cancels are printed on the stamps at the same time that the stamp design is printed. CTO stamps are sold to stamp dealers at large discounts from face value. CTO stamps have never seen actual postal use. Most catalogs say whether they price CTO stamps or genuinely used ones. A stamp with a cancel and with full gum is likely a CTO stamp.
Canceled to Order (CTO): stamps canceled by postal authorities without having been used for postage; they are less desirable than stamps which have seen postal duty.
Canceled: 1: mark placed on a stamp by a postal authority to deface the stamp and prevent its reuse; often indicates location and date. 2: hand-stamp in a barred oval on miscellaneous stamps cut from printer’s waste and supplied to members of Rowland Hill’s family in 1861 without authority of postal officials by Perkins Bacon & Co. 3: legitimate cancels supplied by Perkins Bacon to Chile, late 1850s. 4: overprint on stamps of Jamaica used as printer’s samples. 5: cancellation applied by Greyhound Bus Co. for a privately carried letter that was to be placed in recipient’s mail box, 1960. 6: British Colonial overprint for Specimen purposes.
Cancellation, Advertisement: obliterations which incorporate an advertisement of some place or product.
Cancellation, Bar: 1: cancels that consist of a series of bars, or straight lines. 2: a precancel device in Canada and the US 3: remainders in some countries. 4: telegraph fee paid, Belgium.
Cancellation, Cartwheel: number in center, circular format, used in several nations.
Cancellation, Cogwheel: resembles a gear or cogwheel; early issues of Bavaria, 1850-69.
Cancellation, Cut: device that makes a cut through revenue stamps to prevent reuse.
Cancellation, Dated Manuscript: a hand written containing the date.
Cancellation, Dumb: obliteration device with series of dots, bars that contains no information, also known as mute cancellation.
Cancellation, Duplex: combination of a circular date stamp with an obliteration device.
Cancellation, Fancy: decorative and slogan commemorative cancels, usually refers to 19th century homemade US and Canadian obliterating devices.
Cancellation, Favor: occurs when a stamp is canceled in a specific manner as requested by the mailer, that may or not be in keeping with postal regulations.
Cancellation, Flag: circular date stamp postal marking with a stylized flag as the obliterator.
Cancellation, Hand: postal cancellation with a hand held device on a stamp or postal stationery indicium.
Cancellation, Hole: stamp cancel by a hole punch, indicates revenue or telegraphic usage.
Cancellation, Killer: cancel that shows no place, date or time of mailing.
Cancellation, Machine: cancel applied by mechanical means indicating date and location of the cancellation and prevents the stamp from being reused.
Cancellation, Maltese Cross: first adhesive postage stamp cancel illustrating this cross was a British device; 30 different examples are recorded during period of use;1840-1844.
Cancellation, Manuscript: a hand written, or pen cancellation.
Cancellation, Mechanised, Earliest: Pearson Hill, son of Rowland Hill, devised a machine operated by steam with a dated double impression inside sets of vertical lines, 1857.
Cancellation, Mute: obliteration device with series of dots or bars that contains no information, also known as a mute cancellation.
Cancellation, Naval: postmarks from military ships.
Cancellation, Numeral: a cancellation which includes a number identifying a specific post office, first used by the British Post Office in 1844.
Cancellation, Pen: postally used stamp canceled by pen marks.
Cancellation, Postmark: term for marks applied by postal authorities which indicate any or all of the following: date, rate, route, or place of mailing.
Cancellation, Precanceled: cancellation, as a convenience to customers, applied to stamps by the post office prior to sale,
Cancellation, Roller: cancel is applied by rolling a device across the stamp, usually used on oversize pieces of mail.
Cancellation, Slogan: a circular date stamp cancel combined with a brief message.
Cancellation, Socked-on-the-Nose (SON, SOTN): a good impression of a circular cancel that is applied dead center on the stamp.
Cancellation, Spoon: duplex cancel used in England and Wales; named from the oval shape of the duplex portion.
Cancellation, Squared Circle: circular date stamp with an arrangement of lines or bars outside the circle which makes the entire cancel square.
Cancellation, Straight Line: refers to crayon cancels applied to remaindered stamps taken off sale by a postal administration and sold at a discount.
Cancellation, Target: series of rings as depicted in a target.
Cancellation, Telegraph: obliteration or holes denoting use on a telegraph form.
Cancellation, Typographic: 1869, Jan.-May 31, 1908: French newspapers, to be mailed. had to have stamps affixed in top right-hand corner, canceled by being overprinted by at least four lines of type.
Cancellation: A marking that shows a stamp has been used. Modern cancels usually include the location of the post office from which the item is mailed and the date of mailing. Some also include a section of lines, bars, text or a design that kills the value of the stamp. This part of a cancel is called the killer.
Cancellation: mark placed on a stamp by a postal authority to deface the stamp and prevent its reuse; often indicates location and date; can be a pen mark, perforations or manuscript, bars, or holes punched in stamps, and pieces torn out of Afghanistan stamps.
Cancelling Machine: mail processing machine that cancels a postage stamp and postmarks mail; first successful high-speed device made by Albert Hoster, Germany, 1882-83.
Cancol Ltd.: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Candareen: unit of currency used in Shanghai.
Candarin: unit of currency used in China.
Candia: district of Heraklion, now part of Greece; see Crete.
Canea: (It.) overprint on stamps of Italy, Office in Crete; also known as La Canea.
Canela: (Sp.) cinnamon (color).
Canet de Mar: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Canet la Real: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Cangas de Onis: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Canillas de Aceituno: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1937.
Canillas de Albauda: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1937.
Canillas: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Canjayar: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican, 1937.
Canna: bogus local post, an island off the west coast of Scotland; issued by island owner John Lorn Campbell as a charity label in 1958.
Cannella: (It.) cinnamon (color).
Cannelle: (Fr.) cinnamon (color).
Cannelles, Regie des: (Fr.) cinnamon monopoly; French Colony revenue inscription.
Cannelé: (Fr.) ribbed.
Canney & Co’s Express: local post serviced Boston, Mass. and New Hampshire; label, 1850.
Cannon & Co.: US inscription on US match stamp; see Private Die Proprietary Stamps.
Cannon Match Co.: inscription on US match stamp; see Private Die Proprietary Stamps.
Canouan Island: see St. Vincent Grenadines.
Canterbury Courier Serv.: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Cantidades Emitidas: (Sp.) number (of stamps) issued.
Cantinas: (Sp.) canteens, buffets, used on Spanish Civil War local post tax stamps, 1936-37.
Canton Island: postmark originally created by collectors for island located halfway between Hawaii and New Caledonia in the central Pacific Ocean; American post office established July 15, 1940, British and American cancels exist, now part of Kiribati.
Canton, Miss. Paid 5: see Confederate Postmasters’ Provisionals.
Canton: Chinese treaty port; 1844-1922: British Post Office used stamps of Hong Kong, 1856: occupied by French and British forces, 1886-98: used stamps of Germany, 1900, Jan.1-1917, Mar.17: German post offices in China, 1901, June 15: “Canton” overprint on stamps of Indo-China, French Offices in China, 1949, Oct.: occupied by Communist armies.
Cantonal Stamps: Issues of the Swiss cantons used before the release of national stamps. The cantonal issues of Basel (1845), Geneva (1843-50) and Zurich (1843-50) are among the classics of philately.
Cantonal Stamps: Switzerland Canton issues of Zurich (1843), Geneva (1843), and Basel (1845), before the release of Swiss Confederation issues in 1845.
Cantonal Taxe: with numeral 6, inscription on Zurich issue, denoting rate within entire canton.
Cantonment: India States term for military station.
Cap Juby: (Fr.) Cape Juby.
Cap Vert: (Fr.) Cape Verde Islands.
Cap de Bonne Espérance: (Fr.) Cape of Good Hope.
Cap: slang for maximum commission an auction agent invoices a client for representation at a public auction.
Capacua: Bolivia, bogus stamp by Moens of Belgium, for a mythical state with the capital of Santa Teresa as an April Fool’s prank, 1883.
Cape Breton Island: Sydney, Canadian province of Nova Scotia, post office opened, 1801.
Cape Canaveral, Fla.: formerly named Cape Kennedy.
Cape Cod Express Co.: local express firm serviced Boston to Cape Cod, Mass.; label, 1879.
Cape Jubi: overprint on stamps of Rio de Oro, see Cape Juby.
Cape Juby: Northwest coast of Africa in Spanish Sahara; Currency: 100 centimos = 1 peseta 1916: No.1, 5 centimos on 4 pesetas rose, stamps of Rio de Oro overprinted and surcharged for Spanish troops, 1916-19: stamps of Rio de Oro and Spanish Morocco used, 1919, Jan.-48: “Cabo Juby” overprints on stamps of Spain, first special delivery stamp, 1926: first semipostal, first semipostal special delivery stamps; semipostal stamps of Spain overprinted “Cabo-Juby,” 1934: “Cabo Juby” overprint on stamps of Spanish Morocco, 1938, June 1: first air mail stamp, air mail stamps of Spanish Morocco overprinted “Cabo Juby,” 1976: divided between Morocco and Mauritania, Mauritania turned its portion to Morocco, referred to as Western Sahara.
Cape Kennedy: private local post, now known as Cape Canaveral, 1960s.
Cape Province: formerly Cape of Good Hope Colony.
Cape Triangles: Nickname for the triangular Cape of Good Hope stamps of 1853-64, the first stamps printed in triangular format. The distinctive shape helped illiterate postal clerks distinguishing letters originating in the colony from those from other colonies.
Cape Triangles: first triangular shaped stamps of Cape of Good Hope, issued 1853, so that postal clerks, many of whom were illiterate, could tell the colony’s outgoing mail from mail being delivered to the Cape.
Cape Verde: Western Africa, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal; Official name of Postal Administration: Correios de Cabo Verde Currency: 1,000 reis = 1 micreis, 100 centavos = 1 escudo (1913) 15th century: colonized by the Portuguese, 1877, Jan. 1: No. 1, 5 reis black, first stamps of Portuguese colonial type, 1893: first newspaper stamp issued, 1904: first postage due stamp issued, 1925: first postal tax, postal tax due stamps issued, 1938, July 26: first air mail stamp issued, 1975, June 11: named a Portuguese overseas province, 1975, July 5: became independent, with ties to Guinea-Bissau, 1975, Dec. 19: issued own stamps as independent nation, 1976, Sept. 30: joined the UPU.
Cape of Good Hope: southern part of South Africa; Currency: 12 pence = 1 shilling 1791, Sep. 28: Dutch postal system established in Cape Town, 1817: “Paid” handstamps introduced, 1853, Sep. 1: No.1, 1 penny red, first stamps issued in triangular shape, 1873: Griqualand West; formerly part of Cape of Good Hope, declared a British Crown Colony, 1880: West and Griqualand East annexed to Cape of Good Hope Colony, 1883: traveling post offices introduced, 1889, Nov.: provisionals issued during Boer occupation, stamps of Cape of Good Hope surcharged “Z.A.R.” Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek, South African Republic, 1900, Mar. 24: stamps of Cape of Good Hope surcharged “Mafeking Beseiged,” 1900: stamps of Transvaal handstamped “V.R. Special Post” under British occupation, 1910: Cape of Good Hope, Natal, Orange River Colony and Transvaal formed as Union of South Africa; see Griqualand West.
Capicua: (Sp.) tête-bêche; pair of stamps where one is upside down compared to the other.
Capital Case Type: large letters as distinct from lower case, or smaller letters.
Capital: (Sp.) Spain considers this as the capital city or town of a province or region, not the capital of the nation.
Capo Juby: (Sp.) Cape Juby.
Capo Verde: (Sp.) Cape Verde.
Capovolto: (It.) inverted.
Cappadocia: ancient region of Asia Minor, now part of Turkey; cuneiform tablets found dating to 3000 BC, see Cuneiform.
Capped Liberty Card: U.S. penny postal card where Liberty figure is wearing a cap, 1875-81.
Capped Numerals: flaws looking like caps on top of the figure “2 on the US 2c Washington issue of 1890-3; also known as Cap Variety.
Captain’s Cover: cachet created by the Commanding Officer of a spaceflight recovery ship.
Captions: all inscriptions featured on a stamp.
Caracas and Petare: local post, Venezuela, 1870s.
Caractchaevo: bogus Russian issue.
Caractères (d’Imprimerie): (Fr., Port.) types.
Caramiziu: (Rom.) brick-red (color).
Caratteri: (It.) types.
Caravaca: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Carawak: bogus British Colonial royal wedding frames from book, Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.
Carbon Tetrachloride: fluid marketed to stamp collectors as a watermark fluid; stopped in late 1960s after its use was connected to cancer.
Carbon Tissue: material used to transfer the design of a stamp to a printing cylinder.
Carcagente: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Carchi: 1932 overprint on stamp of Italy, Aegean Islands; see Calchi.
Card Paper: a thick stiff paper made by pasting together a number of layers of paper.
Cardboard Paper: soft surface paper, known as “Bristol Board,” used for proof impressions.
Cardboard Proof: printed on card from US plates in regular colors and distributed in sets to officials in late 1800s; also done in other countries.
Cardedeau: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Cardiff Penny: imperforate sheet of British penny red, Plate No.116, mistakenly issued to Cardiff Post Office, Jan. 1870.
Cardinal Match Co.: inscription on US match stamp; see Private Die Proprietary Stamps.
Care of Mr. Waghorn: handstamp on overland mail between Great Britain and India, 1836.
Carecer (de): (Sp.) to be without, to lack.
Carelia: bogus, not valid for postage.
Caret Cancels: V-shaped cancellation used on US 1861-69 stamps and Bank Note issues.
Cargill Pritchard: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Caribbean: term for West Indies islands; consists of the islands from the tip of Florida to South America, including Cuba, Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Suriname and the West Indies islands: 1702-11: monthly private packet service under government contract, 1755: British government packet service started, 1820: prepaid postage required and “Crowned Circle” cancels used 1840: Royal Mail Steam Packet Co. handled all mail, 1858: prepayment to British destinations from England made compulsory, 1860, May 1: colonial stamps adopted in each colony, 1865: French firm “Compagnie Général Transatlantique” established postal packets.
Caribisches Meer: (Ger.) Caribbean Sea.
Caridad: (Sp.) charity.
Carimbar de Favor: (Port.) canceled to order.
Carimbar: (Port.) to cancel.
Carimbo Especial: (Port.) special cancellation.
Carimbo Manual: (Port.) handstamp.
Carinthia: province of Austria; 1920, Sept. 16: stamps of Austria overprinted and surcharged “Kärnten Äbstimmung” for a plebiscite to determine whether people wanted to remain with Austria or become part of Yugoslavia; vote was in favor of Austria. 1920: stamps of Yugoslavia overprinted and surcharged “KGCA” (Carinthian Governmental Commission, Zone A) for same plebiscite.
Carinthie: (Fr.) Carinthia.
Caritas: (Latin) charity; overprint / surcharge for charity stamps in Belgium, Denmark and Luxembourg (1914).
Carka and Caictu Islands: bogus British Colonial royal wedding frames from book, Surreal Stamps and Unreal Stickers.
Carlist Kingdom: (Sp.) nickname for stamps authorized by Don Carlos of Spain during civil war, French stamps on mail from provinces under Don Carlos rule, 1873-75.
Carlist, Carlistas: (Sp.) stamps of Spain authorized by Don Carlos of Spain in 1873-87.
Carmesi: (Sp.) crimson (color).
Carmin Vinoso: (Sp.) wine-red (color).
Carmin-brun: (Rom.) carmine-brown (color).
Carmin-liliachiu: (Rom.) lilac-brown (color).
Carmin: (Fr., Rom., Sp.) carmine (color).
Carmine Error: nickname for a US 5¢ stamp, normally printed in blue, mistakenly used on a plate of 2¢ stamps printed in carmine, creating a color error for the 5¢ stamp.
Carmino: (It.) carmine (color).
Carmona, Antonio Oscar Carmona de Fragosa: President of Portugal; common design on stamps of Portugal and Colonies, 1970.
Carmona: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1936-38.
Carn Iar: bogus, uninhabited summer island with British local post carriage labels, prior to1962.
Carn: labels issued in British island for a society project.
Carnaro: part of Fiume, between Italy and Yugoslavia; 1920, Nov. 20: nickname for overprint on stamps of Fiume during occupation by Legionnaires of d’Annunzio; full overprint is “Reggenza / Italiana / del / Carnaro”.
Carne: (Sp.) flesh (color).
Carnes’ City Letter Express: US local post, San Francisco, CA., used stamps, 1864.
Carnes’ Express: phantom US local post, S. Allan Taylor, San Francisco, CA, 1865-66.
Carnet de Timbres: (Fr.) stamp booklet that contains one or more panes of stamps.
Carnet à Choix: (Fr.) approvals, approval book.
Carnet: (Fr.) booklet (of stamps).
Carnicino: (It.) flesh (color).
Carolina City, N.C. Paid 5: see Confederate Postmasters’ Provisionals.
Caroline Islands: 550 islands, west Pacific Ocean, east of Australia; Currency: 100 pfenning = 1 mark 1899-pre: under Spanish control since 1686, 1899: Germany bought islands from Spain, 1900: No.1, 3 pfennige dark brown, colonial stamps of Germany overprinted “Karolinen,” 1901, Jan.: No.1, 3 pfennige brown, Karolinen inscription, 1905, 1910: stamps bisected due to stamp shortage, 1914, Oct. 7: Japanese stamps used during occupation, 1920s: mourning label issued by German stamp dealer Sigmund Hartig, 1947: administered by the US as part of the Pacific Islands Trusteeship, 1951: U.S. post offices established, U.S. stamps used.1981: western portion became Republic of Palau, 1983: Palau issued its own stamps, 1984: Micronesia issued its own stamps, 1986: balance of nation became the Federated States of Micronesia.
Carolinerna: (Swed.) the Caroline Islands.
Carolines: (Fr.) Caroline Islands.
Carolinske øerne: (Dan.) the Caroline Islands.
Carpathian Ruthenia: see Celistvosti - Podkarpatská Rus.
Carpatho-Ukraine: formerly province of Czechoslovakia, 1939, Mar.15: stamp issued for the Carpatho-Ukrainian Diet (governing body),1939, March 16: annexed by Hungary, 1945: reverted back to Czechoslovakia, 1949: annexed by the Soviet Union. see Celistvosti - Podkarpatská Rus.
Carpenter & Co’s Express: local post serviced Boston, Mass. to Maine; used labels, 1848-53.
Carpenter, Jos. A.: printer of 19th century revenue stamps.
Carpenter’s Express: local parcel firm serviced Boston and Sharon, Mass.; used labels.
Carpeta: (Sp.) folder, portfolio, special albums for covers.
Carratraca: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1937.
Carriacou & Petite Martinique: inscription on stamps of Grenada, June 18, 1999.
Carriage Stamp: a stamp that pays for postage within a certain area only, includes privately produced issues as well as government issues; a regular postage stamp must be affixed to the cover if the letter is to be delivered outside the local area.
Carried Space Cover: a cover that has been flown on a space vehicle during equipment testing or an actual mission.
Carrier Backstamp: US postal marking of 1870-90 used in some large post offices to backstamp mail handled by carriers.
Carrier Route: addresses served by a postal employee to deliver mail to customers, USPS term.
Carrier Sequence Barcode Sorter: an automated machine that sorts mail for an individual carrier route, USPS term.
Carrier Service: delivery of mail from the post office to an addressee for a fee; fee eliminated June 30, 1863 when free city delivery went into effect; regular postage only paid for mail delivery between post offices.
Carrier-Route Presort: bulk mail presorted and bundled by carrier delivery route for discount postage rates, USPS term.
Carrier: an individual firm or private company that transports mail from one postal facility to another, USPS term.
Carriers One Cent Dispatch: Baltimore, Md., see Carriers’ Stamps.
Carriers Stamp: S. Allan Taylor label.
Carriers and Locals Society: devoted to the collection and study of US carriers, locals, and expresses.
Carriers, Motto: “Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds.” Herodotus.
Carriers: individuals or firms, hired by the post office, who charged a fee to take mail to the nearest post office, or to collect mail and deliver it to the addressee.
Carriers’ Stamps: 1842-60: stamps used for delivery of mail by private carrier from a post office to the addressee; or to a post office or to another address in the same city; when the postal service was first organized, letters were carried from post office to post office since there was no delivery to addressee, 1850-55: semi-official issues, 1851, Sept.: official issues; see Carriers.
Carrion de los Cespedes: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1937.
Carroll Postal Card: United States non-denominated postal card, value 14¢, 1985.
Carry by Favor: inscription indicating that the mail was carried by private ships’ captains.
Carr’s Express: local post serviced Boston, Mass. to Bangor, Me; used circular labels;1851-52.
Carta Aérea: (Sp.) cover carried by air and postmarked at point of origin, departure or intermediate points on the route.
Carta Cecografica: (Sp.) letter for blind written in braille, can be sent post-free in Spain if an open envelope is used.
Carta Costolata: (It.) ribbed paper.
Carta Desinfectada: (Sp.) disinfected letter.
Carta Gessata: (It.) chalky paper; stamp paper with coating of chalk or clay on the surface.
Carta Liscia: (It.) wove paper.
Carta Maxi: (It.) maximum card.
Carta Patinata: (It.) glossy paper.
Carta Sigillata: (Latin) stamped stationery, applied to legal documents in Sweden, 1823.
Carta Sobreavion: (Sp.) air letter form.
Carta Tinto: (It.) tinted paper.
Carta Unita: (It.) wove paper.
Carta Vergata: (It.) laid paper.
Carta a Foto: (Sp.) special letter form, microfilmed airgraph, used by British forces during WWII.
Carta con Diseño Filatélico: (Sp.) cachet, a rubber stamp or printed impression on an envelope which describes the event for which the envelope was mailed; cachets are used for first days of issue, first flights, naval events, stamp exhibitions, etc.
Carta con Fili di Seta: (It.) granite paper.
Carta del Primer Dia: (It.) first day cover.
Carta: (Sp.) letter.
Cartagena: 1: provisional during Civil War for city on Caribbean coast of Colombia, 1899. 2: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Cartajima: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1937.
Cartama: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1937.
Cartas Postales Recortadas: (Sp.) cut-outs from printed stationery, see Cut Square.
Cartas Prefilatelicas: (Sp.) pre-stamp letters.
Carte Maximum: (Fr.) maximum card.
Carte Postale Illustrée: (Fr.) picture postcard.
Carte Postale: (Fr.) postal card.
Carte-Réponse: (Fr.) postcard reply portion.
Carte-maximum: (Hung.) maximum card.
Carte: (Fr.) map
Carter & Co. Express: local express serviced Boston, Bradford and Haverhill, Mass.; label.
Cartera: (Sp.) postman’s bag.
Carteria: (Sp.) 1: main post office letter sorting area. 2: postal agency in small village which receives and sends letters from nearest post office or railway station.
Carterias: (Sp.) postmark applied to mail at Carteria; see Carteria.
Cartero: (Sp.) postman.
Cartersville, Ga. Paid: see Confederate Postmasters’ Provisionals.
Carter’s, G. Despatch: US local post, Philadelphia, Pa., 1849-51.
Cartes Maxi: (Fr.) abbreviation of French term for maximum cards.
Cartilla Postal de Espana: inscription on the first Spanish franchise stamp; see Franchise Stamps.
Carto-Philately: study and collection of stamps depicting maps in their designs.
Cartolina: (It.) postcard.
Carton comemorativ: (Rom.) commemorative card.
Carton: thick, often soft type of paper; used in some copies of Chile 1878-99 issue, Denmark, 1884 issue, and some early Swiss issues.
Cartor: stamp security printer for many countries, name found imprinted on gutter labels.
Cartouche: an oval or rectangular frame containing the name of the country or ruler.
Cartridge Paper: name of paper used for making ammunition, thick, rough surfaced, used for Trinidad on bluish tint paper, 1853.
Cartwheel Cancels: circular numeral types used by Spain 1858-64.
Cary, John: made a survey in 1798, “Distance of English and Welsh Towns” from London, along all the principal roads in the country resulting in mileage stamps in 1801.
Carúpano, Port of: port near Trinidad, Venezuela; 1902, Nov.-1903: local post stamps printed when a blockade depleted the supply of stamps.
Casa da Moeda with Star: watermark on stamps of Brazil.
Casa de Correos: (Sp.) post office.
Casa de la Moneda: (Sp.) Spanish Mint, printer of all Spanish stamps.
Casabermeja: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1937.
Casablanca: 1: British postal agency opened Jan. 1, 1887, closed Aug. 14, 1937. 2: also known as Dar el Beida, Morocco.
Casarabonela: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1937.
Casares: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1937.
Case: 1: (Fr.) position in plate, sheet or setting. 2: equipment with separations into which clerks sort letters, parcels, USPS term.
Casement Plate: see Duty Plate.
Cash: unit of currency used in China.
Casilla: (Sp.) post office box.
Casket: used in Victorian times for a small box intended to hold things of value, such as postage stamps.
Caso: Dodecanese Sea, Aegean island, between Turkey and Greece; 1912-pre: used stamps of Turkey, 1912: No.1, 2 centesimi orange-brown, overprint “Caso” on stamps of Italy, 1916: first stamps without overprints, 1920: Turkey ceded group to Italy, 1929: general Aegean Islands issue, 1930, 1932: two sets overprinted for island issued, 1943, Sept.: became part of Greece, 1943: reoccupied by German forces, 1945: liberated by Allied forces, 1945, May 21: British post offices opened, stamps of Britain overprinted “M.E.F.” (Middle East Forces), when islands transferred to Greece: see M.E.F., Middle East Forces, 1947: British post offices closed, stamps of Greece overprinted “S.D.D.” (Dodecanese Military Occupation); see S.D.D., 1947, summer: stamps of Greece used.
Caspary, Alfred H.: (1878-1955) American collector who specialized in classic stamps of the world, auction catalogs with his material are used as reference works.
Caspe: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Cassa de la Delva: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Cassos: see Calchi.
Castagna: (It.) rust (color).
Castalla: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Castaño Oxidado: (Sp.) rust (color).
Castaño: (Sp.) chestnut (color).
Castellar: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Castellcir: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Castellet de Lobreget: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Castellorizo, Castelrosso: island in the Mediterranean Sea, east of Rhodes, near Greece; Currency: 20 centimes = 1 piaster, 100 centimes = 1 franc, 1915, Dec. 15: occupied by France, 1920, June 19: No.1, 1 centime gray, stamps of France overprinted “O.N.F. Castellorizo” (Occupation Navale Français), “B.N.F. Castellorizo” (Base Navale Français), “O.F. Castelrosso” (Occupation Français), 1920, Aug. 10: ceded to Italy, 1922, July 11: “Castelrosso” overprint on stamps of Italy, 1945: ceded to Greece, 1946, Aug. 21: British post offices opened, 1947, March 31: British post offices closed.
Castelltersol: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Castelnau-Barnes Post: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Castelon de la Plana: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Castiglione d’Intelvi: (It.) city in Italy, local post, Italian Social Republic, 1945.
Castillo: (Sp.) castle, thematic subject.
Castle & Victoria Bridge Tramway Company: United Kingdom postal strike; locals, 1971.
Castlemore: bogus, fantasy stamp from Ireland.
Castuera: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Casuta postala: (Rom.) post office box.
Cat Island: fantasy stamp from American Journal of Philately, 1890s.
Cat: auction firm abbreviation for catalog value.
Catalanistas: (Sp.) propaganda labels issued by Catalan separatists promoting campaign for autonomy, 1899.
Catalog Value: The value of a stamp as listed in a given catalog for the most common condition in which the stamp is usually collected. Some catalogs list stamps at a retail value. European catalogs call their retail catalogs netto catalogs. In general, a stamps catalog value should be regarded as a target price for the stamp. Some stamps are a bargain at double their catalog value. Others may be overpriced at one quarter of their catalog value. Most catalogs have a minimum price for the most common stamps that reflect
Catalog(ue) Number: number assigned by a catalog publisher to each individual stamp.
Catalog(ue) Value: the price established by a recognized postage stamp catalog for a stamp is known as the catalog value of the stamp; used as a guide for retail or wholesale prices.
Catalog(ue): priced listing of philatelic material, or auction catalog, usually in country alphabetical order.
Catalog: Comprehensive compilation of postage stamps and revenue stamps, providing descriptions and, usually, values for the items, often including stamps priced on cover.
Catalogo Unificado: (Sp.) stamp catalog produced by a consortium of Spanish stamp dealers.
Catalogo d’Asta: (It.) auction catalog.
Catalogue du Timbres-Poste: (Fr.) first stamp catalog, issued y Alfred Potiquet, December 21, 1861.
Catalogue d’Encan: (Fr.) auction catalog.
Catalogului: (Rom.) catalog.
Cataluna, Catalonia: province in Spain, used Spanish Carlist stamps in 1874.
Catapult Mail: “Ship to Shore” mail carried by light aircraft catapulted from the deck of ships about 600 miles from land to save hours of docking time, 1920s-30s, introduced by French postal authorities on Aug. 12, 1928.
Catapulte: (Fr.) see Catapult Mail.
Catcher Post Offices: mail catchers and cranes used for exchange of mail between trains and railway post offices where trains do not stop at the station, 1873-1974.
Caterson Brotz & Co.: playing card stamp inscription; see Private Die Proprietary Stamps.
Cats: a mail service in Liege, Belgium in 1879, discontinued when cats refused to cooperate.
Cattaro: part of Dalmatia during Austrian Empire, now mart of Montenegro; 1941-43: occupied by Italy, 1943-45: occupied by Germany, 1944: stamps of Italy and Yugoslavia overprinted by German occupation forces; also known as Kotor.
Cat’s Eye: Brazilian stamps issued from 1854-61.
Catálogo de Subasta: (Sp.) auction catalog.
Catálogo: (It., Port.) catalog.
Cauca: Department of Colombia; issued provincial post stamps 1879-90, inscribed “no hay estampillas” (No Stamp Available) and “Manuel e Jimenez” are considered receipt labels.
Caudete: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Caury: unit of currency used in Republic of Guinea.
Cavalla(e): now port in Greece on Aegean Sea, known as Kavalla; 1874, Jan.: French post office opened; stamps used with “5156 cancel, 1893: No.1, 5 centimes green, overprint and inscription “Cavalle” on stamps of France, Offices in Turkish Empire, 1912: occupied by Bulgaria, from Turkey during First Balkan War, 1913: occupied by Greece, Greek overprint on stamps of Bulgaria, prior to stamps of Greece, 1914, Aug.: French post office closed.
Cavalla: city in the Ottoman Empire, Egypt, Interpostal Seals used 1868, see Interpostal Seals.
Cavallini: (It.) Little Horsemen; 1818, Nov. 17-1820: tax stamps impressed on letter sheets used in the Kingdom of Sardinia; sum paid did not cover postage for delivery, but delivered without additional postage as a courtesy to sender.
Cavan & Leitrim & Roscommon Light Railway: Ireland local post.
Cavan & Leitrim Railway: Ireland local post.
Cave: 1: Ceylon control overprint to prevent theft. 2: USPS postage stamp mail order center in Kansas City, Mo., located in former salt mines.
Caverly’s Express: local baggage firm service parts of Brooklyn and New York City, used a label, year unknown.
Caxas: (Sp.) regional postal administrations established by Spain in Havana, Mexico City, Guatemala City, Buenos Aires and Lima for its colonies, 1764.
Cayes of Belize: Belize offshore islands; 1984, May 30; No.1, 1c multi, first stamp, very little postal usage since Belize stamps used.
Cayman Islands: inscription, Rich People, David Horry unissued Great Britain cinderella, 2001.
Cayman Islands: islands in the Caribbean Sea, northwest of Jamaica; Currency: 12 pence = 1 shilling, 20 shillings = 1 pound, 100 cents = 1 dollar (1969) 18th century: British colony, 1863: administered by Jamaica, 1877, Apr.1: joined the UPU as an Overseas Territory of Great Britain, 1889, Apr.: used stamps of Jamaica, 1900, Nov.: No.1, 1/2 penny green, first stamps issued, 1917, Feb. 26: first war tax stamp issued, surcharged “War Stamp,” 1962, Nov. 28: became a Crown Colony.
Cayman øerne: (Dan.) the Cayman Islands.
Caymanöarna: (Swed.) Cayman Islands.
Cazalla de la Sierra: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1936-37.
Cazinska Krajina: rebel state of Bihac, Bosnia, local post overprint, 1993-95.
Cazoria: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1936-37.
Cañonero: (Sp.) gunboat, found on naval markings, Spanish Civil War; 1936-37.
Cech: (Czech.) Czech.
Cechy a Morava: inscription on stamps of Czechoslovakia, Bohemia and Morävia, 1939-44.
Cechy: (Czech.) Bohemia.
Cecograma: (Sp.) letter for the blind written in Braille; see Carta Cecografica.
Cecoslovacchia: (It.) Czechoslovakia.
Cedex: pre-sorting facility in France, offered to large French firms, usually as part of the address.
Cedi: unit of currency used in Ghana.
Cefalonia: see Cephalonia and Ithaca.
Ceh: (Rom.) Czech (adj.).
Cehoslovac: (Rom.) Czechoslovakian (adj.).
Celanova: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1937.
Celebes: see Netherlands Indies.
Celebrate the Century: series of ten US sheets of 15 stamps each issued between 1998 and 2000 each for a different decade of American events.
Celebrity Covers: covers addressed to a famous person.
Celestia: bogus issue for United Nations of Outer Space.
Celina Ústrední Sociální Pojistovny: (Czech.) postcard for ordering into the central social security system.
Celina: (Czech.) postal card(s).
Celiny: (Czech.) postal stationary entires.
Celistvost(i): (Czech.) cover(s) and / or other postal history items.
Celistvosti-Hradcany: (Czech.) refers to the covers and / or other postal history items from the Czechoslovakia 1918-1920 definitive series depicting the Hradcany castle in Prague.
Celistvosti-Husita: (Czech.) refers to the covers and / or other postal history items from the Czechoslovakia 1920 Hussite Priest definitive issues.
Celistvosti-Koncentracní Tabory / Auschwitz-Birkenau: (Czech.) refers to the covers and / or other postal history items representing the WWII concentration camps at Auschwitz in S Poland ca. 35 miles W of Kraków, and the nearby village of Birkenau.
Celistvosti-Koncentracní Tabory / Buchenwald: (Czech.) refers to the covers and/or other postal history items representing the WWII concentration camp at Buchenwald, Thuringia province, central Germany near Weimar.
Celistvosti-Koncentracní Tabory / Majdanek: (Czech.) refers to the covers and/or other postal history items representing the WWII Majdanek concentration camp near Lublin, ca 95 miles SE of Warsaw, Poland.
Celistvosti-Koncentracní Tabory / Ravensbrück: (Czech.) refers to the covers and/or other postal history items representing the WWII concentration camp at Ravensbrück, Brandenburg province, in NE Germany N of Berlin.
Celistvosti-Koncentracní Tabory / Stutthof: (Czech.) refers to the covers and / or other postal history items representing the WWII concentration camp at Stutthof, in the area of Danzig.
Celistvosti-Koncentracní Tabory / Terezín: (Czech.) refers to the covers and / or other postal history items representing the WWII concentration camp at Terezín Bohemia. Operated as a model camp, the inmates were issued special stamps for the free franking of parcels; the stamps were forwarded to internee family and / or friends for free-franking use on parcels; parcels not franked with these stamps were not delivered.
Celistvosti-Koncentracní Tabory: (Czech.) refers to the covers and / or other postal history items representing the WWII German concentration camps.
Celistvosti-Legionárské: (Czech.) refers to the covers and / or other postal history items from the Czechoslovakia 1919 regular semi-postal issues sold for the benefit of Legionnaires orphans.
Celistvosti-Letecke: (Czech.) refers to airmail / flight covers, first flight covers, souvenir flight covers, and other aerophilatelic memorabilia.
Celistvosti-Podkarpatská Rus: (Czech.) refers to the pre-20th century pre-adhesive folded-letters, envelope-letters and / or other postal history items emanating from the Russian occupation of the Carpatho-Ukraine, the area having been given several names during the various occupations periods The area includes the extreme W administrative division of the Ukraine; reorganized in post-WWII from territory ceded to the USSR by Czechoslovakia (1945).
Celistvosti-Polní Posta: (Czech.) refers to the covers and / or other postal history items representing military field post usage
Celistvosti-Posta Ceskoslovenska 1919: (Czech.) refers to the covers and / or other postal history items from the Posta / Ceskoslovenska / 1919 overprints on Austrian stamps semi-postal issues.
Celistvosti-Predznamkove Dopisy: (Czech.) refers to the pre-20th century pre- adhesive folded-letters, envelope-letters and / or other postal history items which may, or may not, include post office markings.
Celistvosti-Protektorát Cechy a Moravia: (Czech.) refers to the covers and / or other postal history originating with the postage stamp issues of 1939-1945 Bohemia and Moravia, see Protektorát Cechy a Moravia.
Celistvosti-SO 1920: (Czech.) refers to the covers and / or other postal history items of the SO / 1920 overprints on the 1918-1920 Czechoslovakia stamps issued for occupied Eastern Silesia. The territory was later divided between Czechoslovakia and Poland through the city of Teschen; see Ceskoslovenska Polní Posta-Tesínko.
Celistvosti-Skautsé: (Czech.) refers to the covers and / or other postal history items From the 7 November 1918 10 H(eller) and 20 H local Czechoslovakian Lion stamps Issued with Posta / Ceskych Skauta and ve Sluzbach / Narodny Vlady inscriptions (Czech Boy Scout Post / in National Government Service).
Celistvosti-Sudety: (Czech.) refers to the covers and / or other postal history items representing the 1938-1945 German occupation of the Sudetenland (q.v.).
Celistvosti-Zepelinová Posta: (Czech.) refers to Zeppelin mail covers.
Cement: early stamps of Great Britain advised, “In wetting the back be careful not to remove the cement”; known today as the gum.
Cenrage: (Fr.) centering.
Censored Mail (mark): a cover with a hand-stamp, manuscript or label indicating that the contents have been opened, read and censored, handstamped markings were used during the Boer War, 1899-1902; special censored labels date from World War 1, handstamped marks were used in subsequent wars.
Censored Mail: A cover bearing a handstamp or label indicating that the envelope has been opened and read by a censor.
Censored by the I.R.A.: rubber stamp marking applied in Ireland, 1916-21.
Censorship Dept.: Egyptian censor’s round stamp, WW II.
Censorship: the examination of anything communicated to find and suppress language deemed to be objectionable on moral, political, military or other grounds.
Censura Gubernativa: (Sp.) government censor.
Censura: (Sp.) censorship.
Censurada: (Sp.) censored.
Censurar (en) Destino: (Sp.) to be censored at destination.
Censuré: (Fr.) censored, censorship, censor (mark).
Census Marks: see Dumb Cancellation.
Cent: smallest unit of currency in many nations.
Centaur Co.: US medicine stamp inscription; see Private Die Proprietary Stamps.
Centenaire Algerie: (Fr.) inscription for centenary of Algeria.
Centenaire du Gabon: (Fr.) centenary of Gabon.
Centenario de Ciudad de Viña del Mar: (Sp.) 100 years of the city of Viña del Mar on semipostal stamp of Chile, 1974.
Centenary International Philatelic Exhibition: CIPEX; international stamp show held in New York City, N.Y., 1947.
Center Frame: the framework surrounding the center, usually forming a feature of the design.
Center Inverted: a production error in which the center of the stamp is inverted with respect to the frame. In many cases, the error is actually the result of the frame bring printed incorrectly and the errors technically should be known as inverted frames.
Center Line Block: a block of stamps enclosing the crossing point of the vertical and horizontal guidelines; on early US issues, one of the most valuable blocks on a sheet of stamps, second only to the plate number blocks.
Center Lines: printing guidelines which divide a sheet of US stamps into four panes.
Center Misplaced: usually the result of faulty registration during multi-color printing.
Center Omitted: the error is so obvious that examples are considered as printer’s waste, however, some non-US stamps were actually issued with missing centers.
Center: the stamp’s most prominent feature, whether a portrait, bust, or a numeral.
Centering: The relative position of the design of a stamp in relation to its margins. Assuming that a stamp is undamaged, centering is generally a very important factor in determining condition and value.
Centering: stamp design location on the piece of paper it is printed on; if the margins outside the design are exactly equal, it is called a “perfectly centered stamp.”
Centerport: local post, US, New York.
Centesimi di Corona: surcharge on stamps of Italy, Italian Occupation of Austria (Dalmatia, Trentino and Venezia Giulia), 1921.
Centesimi: Italy currency overprint on stamps of Austria.
Centimes à perçevoir: (Fr.) (plus numeral, no country name); Guadeloupe, France, French Colonies, postage due.
Centimes: 1: Austria currency overprint, offices in Crete. 2: overprint on stamps of Germany, currency unit, offices in Turkey. 3: currency unit in many countries.
Centimo: unit of currency used in many Spanish-language countries.
Centimos: currency overprint on stamps of France and Germany, Offices in Morocco.
Centrado: (Sp.) centered.
Centrafricaine Republique: (Fr.) Central African Republic, Western Africa.
Centrafricaine: (Fr.) Central African. Centrage: (Fr.) centering.
Centraje: (Sp.) centered.
Central African Federation: Federation of Northern / Southern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, 1953-63.
Central African Republic: central Africa, north of the Democratic Republic of the Congo; Official name of Postal Administration: Office National des Postes et de l’épargne Currency: 100 centimes = 1 franc 1892: stamps of French Congo, 1907: stamps of Middle Congo, 1915: stamps of Middle Congo overprinted “Oubangui-Chari-Tchad” for Ubangi-Shari and Tchad, 1916: first semi-postal stamp, 1922, Nov.: overprint changed to “Oubangi-Chari” and Tchad, 1924: stamps of Chad, Gabon, Middle Congo and Ubangi-Shari overprinted “Afrique Equatorial Francaise,” 1928: first postage due as Ubangi-Shari, 1931: first commemorative as Ubangi-Shari, 1936, March: first issue of stamps of “Afrique Equatorial Francaise,” used on stamps of Gabon, 1958, Dec. 1: with independence, changed name to Central African Republic, 1959, Dec. 1: No.1, 15 francs multicolor, first stamps issued, 1960, Aug. 13: fully independent, 1960, Sept. 3: first air mail stamp issued, 1961, June 28: joined the UPU, 1962, Jan. 1: first military stamp issued, 1962, Apr. 7: first semipostal stamp issued, 1962, Oct. 15: first postage due stamp issued, 1964, Mar. 7: air mail semipostal stamp issued, 1965: first official stamp issued, 1976, Dec.4: changed name to Central African Empire, 1977: first official, air mail stamps issued as Empire, 1979, Sept. 20: became the Central African Republic again, 2003: new government established; see Chad, Gabonaise Republique.
Central Albania: 1914, Jan-1916: provisional regime, Austria took over in 1916; see Epirus.
Central America: consists of the land between Mexico and Colombia; consists of Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama.
Central American Steamship Co.: local post, West Indies, 1886.
Central Annam: Viet Minh government, North Vietnam, 1950-52.
Central China: 1949: central Chinese Liberation Area established; included the provinces of Honan (Aug. 1949), Hupeh (June 4, 1949), Hunan (1949), and Kiangsi (June 20, 1949); separate issues for the regions were issued.
Central Express: railroad package express firm operated by the Central Railroad Company of New Jersey; used corner cards and labels; 1869-87.
Central Litauen: (Dan.) Central Lithuania.
Central Lithuania: area between Poland, Lithuania and Russia (Vilnius Republic) Currency: 100 fennigi = 1 markka 1915-pre: under Russian rule, 1915: stamps of Germany overprinted for Lithuania, 1918, Dec.: regular Lithuanian stamps used, 1919, Mar. 4: overprinted stamps of Russia, 1920, Oct. 9: occupied by Polish forces, issued own stamps, postage due stamp, 1921: No.1, 25 fennigi red, first semipostal stamp issued, 1922, Apr. 16: annexed to Poland, 1939, Oct.: occupied by Soviet forces, overprint on stamps of Lithuania “Vilnius 1939-X-10,” 1940, July 21: stamps of Lithuania overprinted “LTSR 21 VII 1940 Lietuvos Tarbu Socialistine Respublika; Lithuanian Socialist Soviet Republic, 1940, Aug.3: incorporated into the Soviet Union, used stamps of Russia; see Russia, 1990: became independent.
Central London L.S.: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Central Overland California & Pike’s Peak Express: private post firm operated between St. Joseph, Mo. and San Francisco, Calif., used labels, 1860
Central Post Office: US local post handstamp, New York, N.Y., 1856.
Central States of Somali: bogus, no postal value.
Central Taxis of Dover: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Central Tranvias: (Sp.) postmark for mail received from trams at Madrid central post office.
Central Wales & Carmarthen Junction Railway: Wales local post.
Central-litauen: (Dan., Nor.) Central Lithuania.
Central-litauen: (Dan., Nor.) Central Lithuania.
Centrala Lithuaen: (Swed.) Central Lithuania
Centrala Lithuaen: (Swed.) Central Lithuania
Centralamerika: (Dan., Nor., Swed.) Central America.
Centralni Litva: (Czech.) Central Lithuania.
Centrar: (Sp.) centering.
Centrato: (It.) centered.
Centratura: (It.) centering.
Centre(é): (British, Fr.) center.
Centrerat: (Swed.) centered.
Centro: (Sp., It.) center.
Cents: 1: (with crown) Straits Settlements currency overprint on stamps of India. 2: overprint on stamps of Russia, offices in China.
Centu: currency unit in Memel, 1923.
Century of Progress: US stamps issued for the 1933 Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago
Cenus: (Rom.) grey (color).
Cenusiu: (Rom.) ash-grey (color).
Cenzurirano: (Slovenian) censored.
Cephalonia and Ithaca: Islands in the Ionian Sea off west coast of Greece; 1941: overprint on stamps of Greece by Italy with Italia / Occupazione Militare/Italiana isole / Cefalonia e Itaca, Italian Military Occupation of the Islands of Cephalonia and Ithaca, then general occupation issues, 1941: first postage due, air mail stamps issued, 1943: German occupation overprint used for eight days, 1943: stamps of Greece used; see Ionian Islands, Italy.
Cerdanyola: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Cerdeña: (Sp.) Sardinia.
Ceremony Program: card or folder detailing program at first day or stamp unveiling ceremony.
Ceres, S.S.: steamship of the Danube Steam Navigation Company built for the Upper Danube Lines; used ship’s marking on mail, 1850s.
Ceres: goddess of the harvest; 1849: illustrated on first stamps of France, 1856-78: depicted on the Argentine province of Corrientes, 1912: design used by Portugal.
Cereza: (Sp.) cerise (color).
Cerigo / Occupazione Militare Italiana: (It.) Italian Military Occupation of Cerigo; private overprint on stamps of Greece, Ionian Islands.
Cerna Hora: (Czech.) Montenegro.
Cernauti: overprint on semipostal stamps of Romania for the occupation of Cernauti, Bucovina, Aug. 1941.
Cerneala: (Rom.) ink.
Cernofialová: (Czech.) black-violet, black-purple (color).
Cernohnedá: (Czech.) black-brown (color).
Cernosedá: (Czech.) black-violet, blackish-grey (color).
Cerná, Cerny: (Czech.) black (color) (adj.).
Cerrado y Selado: (Sp.) closed and sealed, Mexican registration label.
Certificado de Autenticidad: (Sp.) certificate from a recognized authority certifying the genuineness of a philatelic item.
Certificado: (Sp.) registered.
Certificate of Authenticity: certificate from a recognized authority certifying the genuineness of a philatelic item.
Certificate of Mailing: a receipt prepared by the mailer as proof of mailing, USPS term.
Certificate: when issued by an acknowledged expert, or group of experts, it gives credence to the authenticity and condition of a stamp.
Certified Mail: 1: US 15¢ stamp, June 6, 1955, first use of Certified Mail in world, not valid for postage. 2: called Recorded Delivery in Britain. 3: mail for which a receipt is given to the sender at time of mailing.
Certified Mail: A service of most postal adminstrations that provides proof of mailing and delivery without indemnity for loss or damage.
Certifying Stamp: hand or rubber stamp applied to official mail to certify that it is on official business; used in Great Britain and some Commonwealth countries from the start of Penny Postage until 1983.
Cervantes: nickname for official stamp issue of Spain, Apr. 22, 1916.
Cerven: (Czech.) June.
Cervenec: (Czech.) July.
Cervenofialová: (Czech.) red-violet, red-purple (color).
Cervenohnedá: (Czech.) red-brown (color).
Cervenooranzová: (Czech.) red-orange (color).
Cerveny Kriz: (Czech.) Red Cross.
Cervená: (Czech.) red (color).
Cervera: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Ceska Republika, Cesky: (Czech.) Czech Republic, Czech (adj.). Proclaimed in 1992, becoming effective in 1993.
Cesko Slovenska (Statni) Posta: (Czech.) unofficial issue on stamps of Austria or Hungary.
Cesko Slovensky Stat: (Czech.) private overprint on stamps of Austria.
Ceskoslovenska Interbrigády ve Spanelsku: (Czech.) refers to Czechoslovakian volunteer brigade postal history from the 1936-1939 Spanish Civil War.
Ceskoslovenska Polní Posta-Slovensko: (Czech.) refers to the Czechoslovakian Army in the WWI-era Slovakia fieldpost postal history.
Ceskoslovenska Polní Posta-Tesínko: (Czech.) (Ger. Teschen) refers to the Czechoslovakian Army in the WWI-era Tesínko (now Cesky Tesín) fieldpost postal history. Czechoslovakia and Poland disputed the territory, known as Eastern Silesia (q.v.), with portions being occupied in 1919 by the Czechs. The region was divided between the two nations by the 1920 Conference of Ambassadors, with the Czech section being ceded to Poland during the 1938 German-Czech crisis. After the 1920 division, the capital city of Teschen, divided by the Olsa River, was renamed, with the Czech city being Cesky Tesín, and the Polish city being Cieszyn; see Celistvosti - SO 1920.
Ceskoslovenska Republika: (Czech.) 1. Czechoslovakian Republic. 2. private overprint on stamps of Austria, Czechoslovakia.
Ceskoslovenska Vojsko na Rusi: (Czech.) refers to the Czechoslovakian Army in the WWI-era Russia fieldpost postal history.
Ceskoslovenska Vojsko v Itálii: (Czech.) refers to the Czechoslovakian Army in the WWI-era Italy fieldpost postal history.
Ceskoslovenska polní posta-Anglii: (Czech.) refers to the Czechoslovakian military forces in WWII-era Great Britain postal history.
Ceskoslovenska vojsko ve Francii: (Czech.) refers to the Czechoslovakian Army in the WWI-era France fieldpost postal history.
Ceskoslovenska: (Czech.) overprint on stamps of Austria for Czechoslovakia, semipostals.
Ceskoslovenske Armady Sibirske: (Czech.) Czech army post in Siberia.
Ceskoslovenske Vojsko na Rusi: (Czech.) Czechoslovak Legion in Siberia, Dec. 1919.
Ceskoslovensko, Ceskoslovensky: (Czech.) Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakian (adj.). Republic formed in 1918 by Czechs and Slovaks from territories previously administered by the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Cesky: (Czech.) Czech.
Ceskych Skautu: (Czech.) Czech Scouts inscription on Czechoslovakia issue in Oct. 1918; Boy Scouts distributed mail.
Ceská Socialistická Republika: (Czech.) Czech Socialist Republic. Post WWII government, with federal constitution adopted in 1968. New government formed in 1989; divided effective 1 January 1993 into the two separate countries of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Cestoda: British fantasy label.
Ceuta: see Spain.
Ceylan: (Fr., Sp.) Ceylon.
Ceylon: 1: inscription “the F-word” unissued Great Britain cinderella by David Horry, 2001. 2: inscription Tamil Tiger, unissued Great Britain cinderella by David Horry, 2001.
Ceylon: island in Indian Ocean, south of India, now Sri Lanka; Currency: 100 cents = 1 rupee (1872), 12 pence = 1 shilling 1795-post: ruled by Great Britain, 1802: made a Crown Colony by Great Britain, 1813: first handstamps, 1845: mail routed through India, 1857: No.1, 1 pence, blue, first stamp issued, 1869: first official stamp issued, 1918: first War Tax stamp issued, 1948, Feb. 4: Ceylon became independent within British Commonwealth, 1949, July 13: rejoined the UPU, 1956, May 10: first semipostal stamp, 1972, May 22: independent, named Republic of Sri Lanka.
Ch. Taxe O.M.F. Syrie: (Fr.) chiffre taxe, postage due overprint on stamps of France for offices in Turkey, Syria.
Chabacano, Repoblik de: bogus labels for fictional republic in the Philippines, 1966.
Chabas: city in Egypt, Interpostal Seals used 1880-82, see Interpostal Seals.
Chachapoyas: overprint on stamps of Peru during war with Chile, 1884.
Chad to Rhine: march during World War II; common design on stamps of the French Community of Nations, 1946.
Chad: Central Africa, south of Libya; Official name of Postal Administration: Société Tchadienne des Postes et de l’Épargne (STPE) Currency: 100 centimes = 1 franc 1897-1914: occupied by France, used stamps of French Congo and Middle Congo, 1905-pre: military (free) franchise in effect, 1910: territories of Ubangi-Shari, Chad, Middle Congo and Gabon federated, but postal services remained separate, 1915: stamps of Middle Congo overprinted for use in Oubangui-Chari and Tchad, 1920, Mar.17: became separate French colony, 1922, Nov: ”Tchad” overprint on stamps of Middle Congo, No.1, 1 centime red-violet, “Afrique Equatoriale Française” overprint added with Tchad, 1928: first postage due stamp issued, 1934: colonies of Chad, Gabon, Middle Congo and Ubangi-Shari grouped as French Equatorial Africa, 1936-59: used stamps of French Equatorial Africa, 1958, Nov. 28: inscription “Republique du Tchad” as independent state in the French Union, 1959, Nov. 28: first stamps issued as Republic of Chad, 1960, Aug. 11: independence from France, 1960, Dec. 15: first air mail stamp issued, 1961, June 23: joined the UPU, 1962, Apr. 7: first semipostal stamp issued, 1964, Mar. 9: first air mail semipostal stamp issued, 1965: first military stamp issued, 1966: first official stamp issued.
Chad: little bit of paper punched out during perforating process.
Chaferinas Islands: see Spain.
Chahar: province in North China Liberation Area, 1937.
Chahi: unit of currency used in Persia (Iran).
Chain-Breakers: 1919 issues of Slovenia, man breaking chains in newfound freedom.
Chainmail: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Chair: (Fr.) flesh (color).
Chakasia: bogus Russian local post overprint.
Chala: town on southern coast of Peru; overprint on stamps of Peru, provisional issue, 1884.
Chalco: overprint used on stamps of Mexico for this district during 1856-1883.
Chalcography: act of engraving a design on copper or brass for use as an intaglio printing plate.
Chalk Paper: stamp paper which has a coating of chalk or clay on the surface, introduced by De La Rue to prevent reuse of stamps after washing off cancel, 1902.
Chalka: city in Egypt, Interpostal Seals used 1879-80, see Interpostal Seals.
Chalki: see Greece.
Chalky Paper: A chalk-surfaced paper for printing stamps. Any attempt to remove the cancel on a used chalky-paper stamp will also remove the design. Immersion of such stamps in water will cause the design to lift off. Touching chalky paper with silver will leave a discernible, pencil-like mark and is a means of distinguishing chalky paper.
Chalky Paper: whiter paper used on British stamps to improve their appearance, should not be soaked because design may deteriorate, April 1962.
Chalmers, James: (1782-1853) unsuccessful British claimant as inventor of the postage stamp.
Chalon Heads: Alfred Chalons coronation bust portrait of Queen Victoria appears on many British Dominions and Colonies issues.
Chalons-sur-Marne: local post provisional, France, 1944.
Chaluf-el-Taraba: city in Egypt, Interpostal Seals used 1868, see Interpostal Seals.
Chamba: northern India Convention State; 1846: became independent of Kashmir, 1886: No.1, 1/2 anna green, first stamps with “Chamba State” overprint valid throughout India, 1886: first official stamp issued, 1950, Apr.1: Republic of India convention states stamps used, 1950, Dec. 31: convention states stamps no longer valid, 1951, Jan. 1: overprint on stamps of British India for use to any point in British India.
Chambery: local post provisional, France, 1944.
Chambon Press: web-fed press that uses continuous paper, with built-in perforating capability; used in Australia.
Chameleon Paper: security paper with a pigmentation that changes with attempts to remove the cancellation.
Chamois: (Fr.) buff (color).
Chamousset, Claude-Humbert Piarron de: established La Petite Poste, the small post, in Paris with 117 carriers and made deliveries three times a day, 1758.
Champion of Champions (C of C): Grand Award winners from APS World Series (national) stamp shows are eligible to compete in the annual C of C competition.
Champion, Theodore: French dealer who specialized in rarities and had several monarchs as his client, 1873-1954.
Champions of Liberty: series of US stamps honoring foreign nationals who sought freedom in their homelands, 1950s-60s.
Championship Class: International Federation of Philately (FIP) exhibit category from any class of exhibiting, that received 95 or more points in any three separate years during previous ten years.
Champlain Press: used by J.W. Fergusson & Sons, a subcontractor for Stamp Venturers, prints using a layout of 13 rows of 33 stamps
Chan: catalogue of stamps of China.
Chandawil: city in Egypt, Interpostal Seals used 1884, see Interpostal Seals.
Chandernagore: see India.
Changeling: A stamp whose color has been changed by contact with a chemical or sunlight.
Changeling: an ink color change due to exposure to bright light, chemical fumes, heat or other causes; greens, reds, violets and yellows are especially prone to change.
Chankianshih (Kwangchowwan): see China.
Channel Islands: south of Great Britain, east of France, British crown dependency comprised of Alderney, Brechou, Guernsey, Herm, Jersey, Jethou and Sark; 1840, May 8: first stamps, those of Great Britain, Maltese Cross cancellations used, 1840s: handstamps in France also used during this period, 1850: captains of private ships were paid to carry mail between France and islands, mail to be deposited in movable boxes, 1940, June 30: occupied by Germany, 1940, Dec. 27-Feb. 22, 1941: Guernsey stamps bisected and used due to stamp shortage, 1941, Apr. 1: Jersey local post issue, 1941, Apr. 7: Guernsey local post issue, 1945, May 10: islands back to Britain, local post stamps valid for one year, 1945-1969: Herm island owner issued local post stamps, 1947: fiscal stamps issued, 1948, Aug. 18: Channel Islands two stamp issue, with no inscription except denomination, marking third anniversary of liberation from German occupation, 1969, Oct. 1: Jersey and Guernsey issued their own stamps, British stamps not valid, 1983, June 14: Alderney issued own stamps.
Channel Isles and Man: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Channel Isles, Mail to the: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Channel Mail Service: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Chantada: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1937.
Chapel Hill, N. C. Paid 5: see Confederate Postmasters’ Provisionals.
Chapman & Co. Express: local parcel firm serviced Boston and Marblehead, Mass., 1889.
Chapters, APS: local philatelic clubs, independent in their own right, which are also official chapters of the American Philatelic Society (APS); Chicago Philatelic Society has been a chapter since Oct. 10, 1887; see American Philatelic Society, APS.
Charge Marks / Labels: manuscript, stamped black figures, or labels were used for unpaid letters to indicate amount to be paid by recipient, red figures were used for paid letters, pre-1840,
Chargement: (Fr.) registration, insurance.
Chargé (e) (Lettre, Colis): (Fr.) registered (letter, package).
Charity Seals: Stamp-like labels that are produced by a charity. They have no postal validity, although they are often affixed to envelopes, usually on the reverse. United States Christmas seals are an example.
Charity Stamp: A stamp sold at a higher price than its postal value. The additional charge is usually noted on the stamp and is earmarked for a special fund. The use of semipostal stamps is voluntary. Postal tax stamps are similar to semipostals, but their use is usually required for all mail being posted during a specific period.
Charity Stamps / Stationery: non-postal validity labels resembling stamps sold by charity groups to raise funds, first used in 1860 for Garibaldi’s Sicilian campaign, may be considered a cinderella. Sold at more than the inscribed face value, with the difference between the face value and the selling price used for charity work; called semipostal stamps; Great Britain sold postal stationery in 1890 for a shilling with only 1d postage, balance going to a charity for postal widows and orphans.
Charity Surcharge: overprint denoting an addition to the postage fee as a contribution to a charitable purpose.
Charkhari: Central India Feudatory State; 1894: No.1, 1 anna green, first local post stamps, 1950, Apr. 30: separate stamps discontinued, 1950, May 1: replaced by stamps of the Republic of India.
Charleroi-1911: overprint on stamps of Belgium for national anti-tuberculosis group.
Charleston, S.C. 5 cts, 10¢: see Confederate Postmasters’ Provisionals.
Charleston: 1: city in West Virginia, home of Carriers’ Stamp firms Honour’s, Martin’s, Steinmeyer’s and Beckman posts. 2: city in South Carolina, occupied by the British from May 12, 1780 until Dec. 14, 1782.
Charlottesville, Va. Paid 5: see Confederate Postmasters’ Provisionals.
Charnela: (Sp.) hinge, small piece of gummed glassine or parchment paper used by collectors for mounting stamps on album pages.
Charnière: (Fr.) hinge, small piece of gummed glassine or parchment paper used by collectors for mounting stamps on album pages.
Chartered: (Eng.) licensed.
Chase & Co’s Express: local post serviced New York City; used a label, year unknown.
Chase, A.W. Dr., Son & Co.: US medicine stamp inscription; see Private Die Proprietary Stamps.
Chasquis: (Sp.) runners, who carried memorized verbal messages from one relay station to the next, employed by the Spanish in Peru, 1532.
Chat: (Fr.) cat, thematic subject.
Chateau de Malmaison: (Fr.) label for Paris stamp exhibition, 1944.
Chateau-Renault: local post provisional, France, 1944.
Chatellerault: local post provisional, France, 1944.
Chatham Islands: islands 500 miles east of Christchurch, New Zealand; 1970, Dec.: two stamps with Chatham islands inscription valid throughout New Zealand.
Chatham Square Post Office: carrier service, independent of USPO, operated by Aaron Swarts, successor Benjamin Lockwood, 1847-56, 1856-59.
Chattanooga, Ten. Paid 5: see Confederate Postmasters’ Provisionals.
Chauchina: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1936-37.
Chausey: Channel Island, has cachet, no postmark, no postal validity.
Cheap Postage Association: formed in 1843 calling for postal reforms, called Friends of Cheap Postage; brought lower rates in 1845.
Chechen Republic: autonomous territory within Russia; 1992: some local post stamps may have been used within area, 2002, Jan. 14: illegal labels purporting to be stamps, not valid for postage, UPU report.
Checiny: city in Poland issued local post stamps in 1919 authorized by municipal authorities.
Check Letters: letters found in the corners of the early British stamps, 1840-1902, as a precaution against forgery and re-use.
Check Stamp: a revenue stamp usually applied to checks, used as postage in British Central Africa in 1898.
Checklist: list of stamps, usually compiled by a collector, of philatelic and thematic items that are needed.
Checoslovaquia: (Sp.) Czechoslovakia.
Cheever & Towle: US local post, Boston, Mass., 1849(?).
Chefoo: local post, China treaty port, 1893-97.
Chekiang: province in the East China Liberation area, 1940.
Cheltex P.S.: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Chelva: city in Spain, local post, Civil War, 1937.
Chelyabinsk: city in Siberia, Russia; 1920-22: stamps of Russian overprinted for local post use by municipal authorities.
Chembary: city in Russia, Zemstvo local post; 1874-88, see Zemstvo.
Chemical Reaction: change of color during printing process when a printing plate is wiped and chemically alters the color; result is considered printer’s waste.
Chemically Synthetic Gum: originally used for wood glues, binders, etc., found its way into postage stamps in the 1970s; curl is controllable, but it does not stick to paper as quickly as arabic gum.
Chemin de Fer Electrique EB / Bruxelles á Tervueren: (Fr..) overprint for electric train between Brussels and Tervueren.
Chemin du Roi: (Fr.) (King’s Way) relay stations for mail that offered lodging and changes of horse and carriage.
Chemins de Fer de l’Etat Belge: (Fr.) Belgium state railway stamp.
Chemins de Fer: (Fr.) inscription / handstamp, Belgium railway parcel post stamps, issued May 1, 1879.
Chemins de fer / Spoorwegen: (Fr./Flem.) inscription on Belgium railway parcel post stamps.
Chemnitz: local post, city in Germany, 1945-48.
Chen-Ning: local post, city in Southwest China, 1949.
Chen-Yuan: local post, city in Southwest China, 1949.
Cheney & Co’s Express: private mail and parcel firm serviced Boston, Mass.; New Hampshire, Vermont and Montreal, Canada; used embossed and printed corner cards, labels; 1842-66.
Cheney, Fiske & Co’s Express: private mail and parcel firm serviced Boston, Mass.; New Hampshire, Vermont and Montreal, Canada; used labels, 1855-67.
Cheney, Hill & Co’s Express: private mail firm serviced Boston, Mass. and New England towns; used a corner card; 1854.
Cheney, Rice & Co’s Express: private mail firm serviced Boston, Mass. and New England towns into Canada; used a label, 1850s.
Cheng-chow: local post, city in Central China, 1948-49.
Cheng-yang-kwan: local post, city in East China, 1949.
Cheque Stamps: fiscal stamp inscription to confirm payable Stamp Duty; 1855-1971: used on checks, 1898: used as postage in Nyasaland, canceled by postal clerks when affixed to letters.
Cheque: (British) check.
Cherbine: city in Egypt, Interpostal Seals used 1872-84, see Interpostal Seals.
Cherbourg: local post provisional, France, 1944.
Cherdyn: city in Russia, Zemstvo local post; 1889-1918, see Zemstvo.
Cherepovets: city in Russia, Zemstvo local post; 1869-1912, see Zemstvo.
Cherifian Local Post: semi-official local post of Morocco, 1912-13, see Morocco.
Cherkassy: city in Russia, Zemstvo local post; 1879, see Zemstvo.
Cherkes(s)ia: bogus Russian issue, not valid for postage.
Chern: city in Russia, Zemstvo local post; 1871-75, see Zemstvo.
Cherokee Nation: 1: original Cherokees lived in Ga., Ala., N. & S. Carolina, Tenn., Ky., and W. Va.; forcibly moved to Indian territory (now Oklahoma) in 1838-39. 2: bogus, island in the Rio Grande that was going to declare independence.
Cherry Blossom Stamps: Japanese issues depicting cherry blossoms as part of the design,1872.
Cherry Picking: art of buying a stamp or a cover at the seller’s asking price even though you know it is worth a lot more.
Cherry Red Airline: local post, Canada,1929.
Cherry Tree P.S.: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Cherubini: Italian Air Mail catalog.
Cheshire Lines Committee: British local railway post.
Cheste: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Chesuncook Lake Tourists Despatch: US local post, Maine, 1886.
Chetrum: unit of currency used in Bhutan.
Cheun: unit of currency used in Bhutan.
Chewing Gum Booklet: nickname for small stamp booklets produced by Canada, 1943-53.
Chiapas: state in Mexico issued stamps during 1866 revolution; 1856-1883; overprint used on stamps of Mexico for this district, 1866: No.1, 1/2 real black, 1995: issued two local post stamps.
Chiaro: (It.) light (color).
Chibin-el-Anater: city in Egypt, Interpostal Seals used 1879-84, see Interpostal Seals.
Chibin-el-Com: city in Egypt, Interpostal Seals used 1868-84, see Interpostal Seals.
Chibriket: city in Egypt, Interpostal Seals used 1880-82, see Interpostal Seals.
Chicago Counterfeits: forged US 1894 2¢ stamps detected by Chicago Postal Inspectors from ad in paper.
Chicago Dime Express Co.: local parcel firm serviced Chicago; used a stamp, 1884-85.
Chicago Match Co.: inscription on US match stamp; see Private Die Proprietary Stamps.
Chicago Penny Post: US local post, Charles W. Mappa, formerly Floyd’s Penny Post, Chicago, IL.,1862.
Chicago Perforations: imperforate stamps privately-perforated by Elijah W. Hadley, a Chicago dentist; first US stamps perforated by a true perforating machine, June 1855.
Chiclayo: “Franca” (Sp.) paid overprint on stamps of Peru for use in Chile, 1884.
Chiffre Taxe a Perçevoir: (Fr.) inscription on postage due labels of Egypt, post-1884
Chiffre Taxe: (Fr.) inscription on postage due labels of France, French colonies and Turkey, post-1859.
Chiffre: 1: (with value in piastre) Turkey postage due. 2: (without country name) France (perforated) postage due. 3: (without country name) French Colonies (imperforate) postage due. 4: (Fr.) numeral.
Chihuahua: state in Mexico; 1856-83: overprint used on stamps of Mexico, 1872: No.1, 12 centavos black, issued stamps during revolt to drive French ou of state, 1914: district in Mexico which issued revolutionary stamps.
Child & Co’s Express: local post serviced Boston, Mass., and Portland, Maine into Canada; used labels, 1843-49.
Child & Kent Express: local parcel firm serviced Boston, and Lynn, Mass.; used a label.
Children’s Charity Stamps: semipostals for children’s charities; most popular are “Pro Juventute” (Switzerland since 1913) and “Kinderzegels” (Holland since 1924); also known as Child Welfare Stamp.
Children’s Playtime Postage: see Children’s Stamps, Toy Stamps.
Children’s Stamps: stamps designed by children and issued by various countries since 1958.
Chile: (Czech.) Chile
Chile: southern South America between Argentina and Peru; Official name of postal administration: Correos de Chile Currency: 100 centavos = 1 peso, 100 milesimos = 100 centesimos = 1 escudo (1960), 100 centavos = 1 peso (1975) 1748: monthly mail service started between Santiago and Buenos Aires, 1810, Sep. 11: independence from Spain, 1817-18: became independent nation, 1840: regular coastal mail service started, expanded to packet mail, 1853, July 1: No.1, 5 centavos brown-red, first stamps with “Colon” inscription, 1865-81: stamps of Great Britain used at Valparaiso, 1881, Apr. 1: joined the UPU, 1891, Apr. 21: revenue stamps used for postage, 1891, July 10-Sep. 5, 1891: no charge for internal mail due to stamp shortage, 1894: first acknowledgment of receipt, postage due stamps, 1900, 1901, 1913: revenue stamps used for mail due to stamp shortage, 1907: first official stamp issued, 1927: first air mail stamp issued, 1940, Mar.1: first semipostal stamp issued, 1957, Apr. 8: first parcel post postal tax stamp, 1961, Apr. 29: first air mail semipostal stamp, 1970: first postal tax stamp, 1990: freely elected president installed.
Chilean Occupation of Peru: stamps of Peru overprinted with arms of Chile, 1881.
Chili: (Fr.) Chile.
Chill Roller Doubling: a double impression left on the printed stamp caused by a set-off from the chill roller.
Chill Rollers: rollers that help cool the web after stamps have been printed, in order to prepare the press for another step.
Chilsky: (Czech.) Chile, Chilean.
Chilsky: (Czech.) Chilean.
Chimarra (Himera): provisional issue of Epirus during Greek occupation, Feb.1914-19.
Chimborazo Riobamba: control overprint on stamps of Ecuador, 1902.
Chimeneas: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1937-38.
Chin-Cha-Ki: local post, north Chinese, 1946.
Chin-Ki-Lu-Yu: local post, North China, 1940-46.
Chin-nan: local post, North China, 1949.
China Clay Paper: paper with a high mineral content used for the US Washington-Franklin stamps, 1908-09.
China Expeditionary Force: stamps of India overprinted “C.E.F.” 1900, Aug.-Nov. 25, 1923: used by Indian and British troops during Boxer rebellion, stamps continued being used after 1906.
China Paper: see India Paper.
China Treaty Ports: established in various Treaty ports: Amoy (1895), Chefoo (1893), Chunkiang (1894), Foochow (1895), Hankow (1893), Ichang (1895), Kewkiang (1894), Nanking (1896), Wuhu (1894) and Shanghai (1865), closed in 1897 with start of Imperial Post.
China, Boxer Uprising: 1900, June: Nationalist uprising against foreign influence in China resulted in a siege of the international legations in Peking and an attack of the international settlements in Tientsin, 1900, July: Troops from nine countries (American, Australian, Austro-Hungarian, British, French, German, Italian, Japanese and Russian) assembled to fight the Boxers, 1900, Aug.: International force lifts the siege of Peking; Boxers dispersed; Allied occupation of North China, 1900, Sept.-Aug. 15, 1901: Some mail was “Free,” while others required domestic rate postage; Britain issued stamps of India overprinted “C.E.F.”(China Expeditionary Force), 1901, Sep.: Peace Protocol of Peking signed by China, ending the intervention.
China, British Offices: 1844: consular treaty port post offices opened, 1862-post: all mail canceled “B62 in Hong Kong, 1862-1917: stamps of Hong Kong used, 1917: No.1, 1 cent brown; overprint “China” on stamps of Hong Kong, valid in Hong Kong, and treaty ports, 1922, Nov. 30: all offices were closed except for Wei-hai-wei, 1930, Oct. 1: stamps withdrawn, offices handed back to China.
China, Central Liberation Area: provinces of Honan, Hupen, Hunan and Kiangsi; 1949, Fall: postal service started with currency surcharges.
China, Central: provinces of Honan, Hunan, Hupen, Kansu; 1949, May: No.1, 100 yuan dark carmine, No. 1, 1 cent on 20 yuan red-brown, 1949, Aug.: No.1, non-denominated orange.
China, East Liberation Area: provinces of Shantung, Kiangsu, Chekiang, Annwei and Fukien; 1941: postal service established, 1948, Mar.: first stamps, 1948, July: became East China Posts and Telegraph General Office, 1949, May 30: East China Liberation Area stamps issued.
China, East: provinces of Anhwei, Chekiang, Fukien 1949: No.1, 1 cent on 500 yuan blue-green, Kiangsu 1949, No.1, 30,000 yuan chocolate, and Shantung,
China, Formosa: see Taiwan.
China, French Offices: Currency: 100 centimes = 1 franc, 100 cents = 1 piaster, 100 cents = 1 dollar 1862-94: used stamps of France overprinted “Chine,” Shanghai (Nov. 1862); Tientsin (March, 1889); Chefoo (Nov. 1898); Hankow (agency Nov. 1898, PO Oct. 1902); Peking (Dec. 1900); Amoy (Jan. 1902); Foochow, (1902); Ningpo (1902). 1894: No.1, 5 centimes green, 1894-1922: “Chine” (Fr.) overprint / surcharge stamps of France, 1901-19: No.1, 1 centime lilac-blue, Canton, Hoi-Hao, Mongtseu (Mengtsz), Pakhoi, Tchong- King (Chungking), Yunnan Fou (Kunming) overprint / surcharge stamps of Indo-China, 1903-22: “A Percevoir” (Fr.) to collect, overprint / surcharge on postage due stamps of France, 1906, Oct.-1941: No.1, 1 centime olive-green, “Kwang-Chow,” (Kouang Tcheou-Wan) overprint / surcharge stamps of Indo-China stamps used for French naval base, 1922, Dec. 31: all post offices closed.
China, German Offices: 1898, Jan. 26: No.1, 3 pfenning dark brown, overprint on stamps of Germany, overprint plus surcharge, “5pf” for use in Foochow and Tientsin, 1898, Mar. 6: Kiaochow (Kiautschou) leased to Germany, 1914, Nov. 7: Kiaochow (Kiautschou) surrendered to Japan, 1917, Mar. 17: all post offices closed.
China, Hong Kong: administrative region, July 1, 1997: No. 1, $1.30 multi.
China, Indian Forces: 1900: overprinted “C.E.F.” on stamps of India; see China Expeditionary Forces.
China, Indo-Chinese Offices: French post offices in China; see Canton, Chungking L.P.O., Hoihow, Mongtze (Mengtsze), Pakhoi, Yunnanfu (Kunming).
China, Italian Offices: Currency: 100 centesimi - 1 lira 1874: No.1 1 centesimi olive-green, 1917, Sep.-Dec. 31, 1922: used stamps of Italy, 1917, Sep.; No.1, 2¢ on 5¢ green, stamps of Italy overprinted “Pechino,” for Peking. 1917, Sep.; No.1, 2¢ green, overprinted Tientsin.
China, Japanese Occupation: stamps of China overprinted plus occupation issues, 20th century in Chinese characters: Kwangtung Province including Canton; Inner Mongolia, including North Shansi, South Chara and Suiyuna; North China including Honan, Hopei, Meng Chiang, Shansi, Shantung and Supeh; Nanking and Shanghai including Anhwei, Chekiang, Fukien, Hunan, Hupe and Kiangsi. 1942: stamps of China overprinted.
China, Japanese Offices: 1876, Apr. 15- 31 Dec.1899: overprint on stamps of Japan with Chinese characters, 1900, Jan.: first stamps issued, 1922, Nov. 30: offices closed 1945: issued stamps for Taiwan (Formosa).
China, Liaoning: Port Arthur and Dairen, overprinted stamps of Japan and Manchukuo,1946.
China, Macao: 1999, Dec. 20: issued stamps as People’s Republic of China region; see Macao.
China, North Liberation Area: provinces of Hopen, Chahar, Shansi and Suiyuan; 1937, Dec.: postal service started, 1946, Mar.: first stamp, 1949, May: renamed North China Postal and Telegraph Administration.
China, North: provinces of Chahar, Hopeh, Shansi and Suiyuan.
China, Northeastern Provinces: Manchurian towns: 1946, Feb.: first stamps, No.1, 50¢ on 5 yuan violet-red, China, Northern Liberation Area: provinces of Lianoning, Kirin, Jehol and Heilungkiang (aka Manchuria under Japanese); No.1, 1 dollar violet, local post overprint on stamps of Manchukuo,
China, Northwest Liberation Area: provinces of Tsinghai, Ningsia and part of Shensi; 1936, Oct.: established territory, 1949: Sinkiang added to the group, 1945, Mar.: first stamps, 1949, June 13: “People’s Post Shensi” overprint, 1949, Oct.: “People’s Post Kansu” and “People’s Post Sinkiang” overprint, 1949, Oct. 15: Northwest Peoples Post started.
China, Northwest: provinces of Ningsia, Sinkiang, Tsinghai, 1949, May: No.1, 1 cent on 100 yuan orange, Shensi (west portion) 1949, May: No.1, 500 yuan blue-green.
China, Offices in Manchuria: 1927: 1/2 centime black-brown, stamps of China overprinted.
China, Offices in Tibet: currency: 12 pies = 1 anna, 16 annas = 1 rupee 1911: No.1, 1 pie on 1c ocher.
China, Port Arthur and Darien: 1946, Apr.: Liaoning postal administration established with overprint on stamps of Manchukuo and Japan.
China, Regional Issues: considered post-World War II to 1949.
China, Republic of: see Taiwan.
China, Russian offices: Currency: 100 kopecks = 1 ruble, 100 cents = 1 dollar (1917) 1870: stamps of Russia used, 1876: post offices established by Chinese National Postal System in five major cities, 1899: No.1, 1 kopeck orange, stamps of Russia overprinted (KHTAH) in the Cyrillic alphabet, 1917-20: stamps of Russia surcharged, 1920: post offices closed.
China, South: provinces of Hainan Island, Kwangsi and Kwantung, 1949, Nov.: South China Postal and Telegraph Administration started, 1949, Nov. 1: first stamp.
China, Southwest: provinces of Kweichow, Sikang, Szechwan, Yunnan and Tibet; 1926, No. 1, 1/2 cent black brown. 1933: No. 1, 1 cent orange, Tibet and Yunnan, 1949, Nov. 15: Southwest Postal and Telegraph Administration started 1949, Dec.: first stamps as Southwest China.
China, United States Offices: 1867, Aug. 3: US post office opened in the General Consulate in Shanghai, postage charged at international rates of 10¢ for letters, paid for with American stamps, 1887, Dec. 11: second post office opened in Tientsin, closed Sept. 3, 1889, 1903: postage rates reduced to domestic rates, 1919, July 1: overprint / surcharge “Shanghai / China” in Chinese dollar on US stamps for use in Shanghai mail to the US, 1922, Dec.31: overprinted stamps withdrawn, all foreign post offices closed in China. 1929-31: (USMC) Marine Corps patrol at Peiping, China.
China-handstempel: (Ger.) Tientsien provisional issue.
China: 1: overprint on stamps of Germany, Offices in China. 2: China Post inscription for Peoples Republic of China. 3: overprint on stamps of Hong Kong, 1917-1927, British Offices abroad.
China: Eastern Asia, between North Korea and Vietnam; Official name of postal administration: State Post Bureau Currency: 10 candareen = 1 mace, 10 mace = 1 tael, 100 cents = 1 dollar, yuan (1897), 100 fen = 1 yuan (1949) 4000 BC: oldest postal system in world, used by court officials, 2000 BC: paper first used as writing material, 1122-255 BC: Chou Dynasty had a postal system, 13th Century AD: Marco Polo claimed the I-Chan government had 10,000 post stages, called Min Hsin Chu, made up of letter guilds, carried unofficial mails, 1402: Chinese Ming Emperor Yung opened the Imperial Courier Service to private Chinese citizens to send private letters, 1727: Treaty of Kyakhta permitted mail exchanges between China and Russia, 1858: foreign diplomatic couriers permitted, 1878: No.1, 1 candareen green, China issued its own “large Dragons” stamps, Imperial Maritime Customs Post issue, many local post, sectional, inflation and occupation issues, 1878-82: all mail for foreign destinations routed through Shanghai, 1896: Imperial Postal Service put private carriers out of business, 1897: Imperial post started as nationwide postal system, 1912: first postage due stamp issued, 1914-pre: all mail to foreign destinations had to pass through foreign post offices, Imperial Chinese post offices handled foreign stamps which could be used in combination with Chinese stamps, or uaed a handstamp, 1914, March 1: joined the UPU, includes Hong Kong, Macao, 1917: Japan awarded the Shantung territory, Japan withdrew in 1922, 1922: foreign countries stopped using their own systems for mail sent abroad, 1927, Apr.18: Nationalist government under Chiang Kai-Shek, 1932: Japan occupied Manchuria and renamed it Manchukuo, 1932: first semipostal, air mail stamps issued, 1940: Japan invaded China proper controlling the coastal areas, 1940-43: stamp stock surcharged by provincial officials, 1940s: inflation issue included a $5 million stamp, WWII-post: Japan evacuated occupied Chinese territories, 1945-49: Nationalist and Communist areas issued inflation provisional stamps, 1949, Jan.-Oct.: Liberation Area issued its own regional issues, 1949, May 1: non-denominated stamps with face value determined by date of sale at post office, five numbers in lower margin indicate: 1. issue number. 2. total stamps in set. 3. position of stamp. 4. cumulative number of stamp. 5. year of issue, 1949, Oct. 1: People’s Republic of China formed 1949, Oct. 8: No.1, 30 dollar, blue, first of own stamps for entire nation, 1950, June 30: regional issues ordered not to be sold with one-year cut-off, Northeast and Port Arthur-Darien exempted due to different currencies, 1950, Sep.1: first postage due stamp issued, 1950, Dec. 31: Northeast and Port Arthur-Darien ceased separate issues, 1951, May 1: first air mail stamp issued, 1951, May: separate issues discontinued in Northeast China, unified issues only, 1953, Aug. first military stamp, 1955, Mar.1: reprints put on sale to public, 1960-pre: all stamps were issued without gum, with few exceptions, 1963, Aug. 24: changed affiliation with the UPU, Mongolia became independent, 1970-pre: canceled-to-order stamps exist in quantity, 1984, Feb. 16: first semi-postal stamp, 1987: used stamps for philatelic market ceased, 1995, Mar. 1: reprints offered for sale by the Philatelic Agency, 1997, July 1: Hong Kong returned to China as administrative district; Hong Kong stamps continued; see China, Regional Issues; Taiwan.
China: North West People’s Post: area in northwest China, now China People’s Republic, 1949, Oct. 15. issued first and only stamps.
Chinchilla: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Chine: 1. (Fr.) 1904-22: overprint on stamps of France and Indo-China, for France, Offices in China, post offices located at Canton, Hoi Hao, Kouang-Tcheou, Mongtseu, Pakhoi, Tchongking and Yunnan Fou. 2. (Rom.) China.
Chinese Empire: inscription used on stamps of China, 1909.
Chinese Imperial Post: inscription on stamps of China, 1898-1912.
Chinese National Postal System: began with opening to the general public of special courier service between five major Chinese cities, 1876.
Chinese Skull and Crossbones: 5 stamps of China depicting a skull and crossbones, labels, were never issued.
Chinezesc: (Rom.) Chinese.
Chinkiang: treaty port local post, China.
Chios (Khios): Aegean Island captured by Greece from Turkey in 1912, Balkan War; 1913, May: No.1, 25 lira ultramarine overprint on stamp of Greece for Chios;.
Chipre: (Sp.) Cyprus.
Chiriqui: province anniversary overprint on stamps of Panama, 1949.
Chisinau: overprint on semipostal stamps of Romania for occupation of Chisinau, Bessarabia, Aug. 1941.
Chistopol: city in Russia, Zemstvo local post; 1906-12, see Zemstvo.
Chita Issue: Siberia, name for Far Eastern Republic issues of 1921 and 1922.
Chiva: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Chokin Kyoku: Indonesia savings stamp, Japanese occupation.
Choklad: (Dan., Nor., Swed.) chocolate (color).
Chokoladebrun: (Dan., Nor., Swed.) chocolate brown (color).
Cholerabrief: (Ger.) cholera letter (with disinfection markings, or slits).
Cholm: local provisional, German occupation, c1918.
Chop: Japanese characters typically used by officers to validate stamps of territories occupied by Japanese troops during WW I and WWII; used until official occupation stamps became available, also used in Ryuku Islands.
Chopped Cover: an envelope that has been used, cut down in size, removing initial address and postage, and reused.
Chorpenning, George and Woodward, Absalom: predecessor to Pony Express; 1851, Apr. 25: US contracted to have mail carried once each month between Salt Lake and Sacramento. Woodward killed by Indians in first year of service, route changed so mail went from Salt Lake to San Pedro and then on a steamer to San Francisco. In 1858, four-horse coaches were used.
Chorrillos Lima Callao: Peru.
Chorvatsko: (Czech.) Croatia.
Chorvatsky: (Czech.) Croatian.
Chosen: Japanese name once used for Korea, along with Corea, Tyosen, Tae Han.
Chouze-sur-Loire: local provisional, France, 1944.
Chr. IX: (Dan.) King Christian IX.
Chr. Sunds Bypost: Norway local post.
Chr. X: (Dan.) King Christian X (1870-1947, reigned 1912-1947).
Chr. X: (Dan.) King Christian X (1870-1947, reigned 1912-1947).
Christian Commission: operated during the American Civil War, performed duties of chaplains.
Christiania: (or Kristiania, now Oslo [q.v.]) local post established by Adamss Express, a branch of the same company that operated in Copenhagen (q.v. Copenhagen -Adams Expres Local Post), with lithographed 10 øre and 20 øre Adams Expres / Kristiania local stamps depicting a dog carrying a parcel in its mouth issued in 188(?).
Christiansburg, Va. Paid 5¢: see Confederate Postmasters’ Provisionals.
Christianssund - J. C. Bruun Local Post: Local post re-organized by J. C. Bruun as the successorr company to the M. Andresen Local Post (q.v.) company. Similar in design to those of the Andresen company, 5 øre Christianssunds Bypost local stamps in several colors issued 1 March 1887, followed by 1, 2, 3, and 10 øre carmine stamps issued in January 1889.
Christianssund - M. Andresen Local Post: Local post established by M. Andresen & Co., with first Christianssunds Bypost / M. Andresen & Co. typographed local stamps issued 1 September 1878, and various others issued through 1879.
Christianssund: (or Christiansund, or Kristiansund) seaport in Møre of Romsdal county in W Norway WSW of Trondheim, and ca. 265 miles NNW of Oslo. Site of 19th century local posts established by M. Andresen & Co., and J. C. Bruun (q.v. individual local post entries).
Christianssunds Bypost: Norway local post, 1878-89.
Christkindl: postmarks and labels used for mail and balloon mail from the Austrian post office of Christkindl at Christmas.
Christmas 1991 USA: United States non-denominated postage stamps, 29¢, 1991 (6 designs); see Merry Christmas 1975.
Christmas Charity Post Stamps: scout and church group stamps in Britain permitting charities to carry Christmas and New Year cards between Nov. 26 and Jan.1 each year, started 1981.
Christmas Day Delivery: special British cancel for mail to be deposited in advance for delivery Christmas Day, 1902-09.
Christmas Island Australia: bogus booklets that have no official status, not connected with Australia Post.
Christmas Island Mail Boat Service: local post, 1915?-1938.
Christmas Island: Southeastern Asia, south of Indonesia; Currency: 100 cents = 1 Australian dollar 1643: named for the day of its discovery, 1888: annexed by Great Britain, 1900-58: under British colony of Singapore, used stamps of Straits Settlements and Singapore, WW II: British and America troops used stamps of their respective nations, 1958: Australia took over Christmas island from Singapore, 1958: provisionals overprinted and surcharged in Malayan currency, 1958, Oct. 15: No.1, 2 cent yellow-orange, 1963, Aug. 28: sovereignty to UK transferred, first stamps with Christmas Island inscription. Note: there is also a Christmas Island that is part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands.
Christmas Mail: British Post Office plan whereby mail could be deposited in advance for delivery on Christmas Day, 1902-09.
Christmas Post Stamps: private labels authorized by the British government for various scouting organizations to print and sell as a fund raising project, 1981.
Christmas Seal: charity label used to raise funds, first placed on sale in Denmark, Norway and Sweden in 1904, US, 1907;
Christmas Stamp, Earliest US: issued Nov.1, 1962, Scott No.1205.
Christmas Stamps, Compulsory: Costa Rica concept for use on Christmas mail in1959.
Christmas Stamps: special postage stamps issued for use on mail during the holiday season, first stamps for use on greeting cards were issued by Austria in 1937.
Christmas US Postage: United States non-denominated stamp, value 10¢, 1975.
Christmas USA 1981: United States non-denominated postage stamp, value 20¢, 1981; see Season’s Greetings USA 1981.
Chrome Era: derived from “Kodochrome,” from 1939 to present, US version postcard.
Chrome Plating: covering engraved steel plates with a thin layer of chromium in order to make them last longer.
Chrome Stain: printing variety caused by the chrome plating stripping off the printing plate.
Chromed: after a printing sleeve is hardened, a coating of chrome is applied to help give the metal sleeve a longer life.
Chromegelb: (Ger.) chrome yellow (color).
Chromgul: (Dan.) chrome yellow (color).
Chromolithography: two or more colors printed at the same time via lithography; Switzerland Canton issue of 1843 is an example.
Chuashia: bogus Russian issue.
Chuckram: unit of currency used in the Indian state of Travancore.
Chungking L.P.O.: stamps of Indo-China overprinted for Tchongking, 1903-04, see China, Indo-Chinese Offices.
Chungking: local post established by Archibald John Little, 1893-95.
Church Mail: priests of the Icelandic State Church were permitted to use official stamps on their mail with the condition that they were for official use only, 1873.
Churchill: common design on stamps of the British Commonwealth of Nations, 1966.
Chuvashia, Republic of: illegal labels, purporting to be stamps, not valid for postage, UPU report on Jan. 14, 2002.
Chybotisk: (Czech.) printing error).
Chypre: (Fr.) Cyprus.
Châtain: (Fr.) chestnut (color).
Cie. Franco-Roumaine de Navigation Aérienne: see C.F.R.N.A..
Ciecholinek: city in German-occupied Russian Poland, local post overprint, 1918-20.
Ciemny: (Pol.) dark (as referencing the color of a postage stamp).
Cierre Oficial (Postal): (Sp.) sealed by official (postal) authorities as damaged or censored.
Cierro Oficial: (Sp.) inscription, official seals for Chile, El Salvador.
Cieszyn: local post provisional, Poland, 1919.
Ciety or Niezabkowany: (Pol.) imperforate (stamp).
Cieza: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Cifra: (Sp.) numeral.
Cifras de Control: (Sp.) control numbers.
Cigarette Paper: thin paper used for rolling cigarettes, used by Latvia for a stamp issue in 1919.
Cigarette Tax: 1: stamps paying a government tax on cigarettes. 2: used as postage due labels in South Africa, 1922.
Cigarette Tube Stamps: tax receipt paid on hollow tubes of cigarette paper to which small mouthpieces were attached, for those who made their own cigarettes, 1919-33.
Cihlove cervená: (Czech.) brick-red (color).
Cijuela: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1937.
Cile: (It.) Chile.
Cilicia: southeastern Asia Minor territory of Turkey; Currency: 40 paras = 1 piaster 1918-Oct. 20, 1921: occupied by French and British who overprinted stamps of France and Turkey; 1918, Feb. 10: British military occupation stamps used in parts of Cilicia, 1919: control transferred to France, 1919, Mar. 4: No. 1, 2 paras red-lilac, first stamps used, stamps of Turkey overprinted “Cilicie,” 1919: first postage due stamps issued, French regime overprinted stamps of Turkey and France, 1920: France received territory as mandate from League of Nations, 1920, July 15: first air mail stamp, 1921, Oct. 20: Cilicia returned to Turkey, 1923: Turkey expelled the French; see T.E.O., O.M.F.
Cilicien: (Ger.) Cilicia.
Ciliegia: (It.) cerise (color).
Cina: (Czech., It.) China.
Cinabrio: (Sp.) vermilion (color).
Cinabru: (Rom.) vermilion (color).
Cinci: (Rom.) five (number).
Cincinnati City Delivery: U.S. local post, Cincinnati, Ohio, used stamps,1883.
Cincisprezece: (Rom) fifteen (number).
Cincizeci: (Rom) fifty (number).
Cinderella Division: APS term for exhibition classification to include charity stamps, poster stamps, promotional stamps and other cinderellas.
Cinderella: Stamp-like label that is not a postage stamp. Cinderellas include a wide variety of stamp-like labels, seals and bogus issues.
Cinderella: a stamp-like label with no postal validity that may have perforations, gum and designs that imitate real postage stamps; see Bogus, Carriage, Charity, Dues, Fantasy, Etiquettes, Label, License, Local, Poster, Revenue, Royalty, Saving, Taxpaid (Revenue), Telegraph and Telephone, Toy Stamps and Seals, Stickers.
Cinq-Mars-la-Pile: local provisional, France, 1944.
Cinquantenaire 24 Septembre: (Fr.) 50 years of occupation overprint on stamps of French Colonies postage dues for New Caledonia, 1903.
Cinzento: (Port.) gray (color).
Cinöbeivörös: (Hung.) vermilion (color).
Cioccolato: (It.) chocolate (color).
Ciocolata-brun: (Rom.) chocolate-brown (color).
Ciocolata: (Rom.) chocolate (color).
Cipro: (It.) Cyprus.
Cir.: USPS address abbreviation for Circle.
Circuit Book: book with stamps or covers offered for sale to collectors, usually by stamp groups.
Circuito Delle Oasi / Tripoli / Maggio-1934-XII: overprint on stamps of airmail stamps of Libya for Tripolitania, for “Circuit of the Oases.”
Circulacion: (Sp.) put into circulation, issued.
Circulado, Sobres: (Sp.) postally used covers.
Circular Date Stamp (CDS, cds): postal marking with date, place and time of mailing in a circular marking, may be part of a machine cancel or a separate mark, started in the 1820s, machine usage since the 1880s; four types, rimless, single ring, double ring and square circle.
Circular Delivery Stamps: private firms in Great Britain usage for stamps issued in prepayment of delivery of circulars, samples, and printed matter, issued 1865-67.
Circular Design: used in Norway, 1855, complicated circular pattern of parallel lines to prevent washing of stamp for reuse.
Circular-Beförderung: local post, Cologne, Germany, 1888-89.
Circulations: (Fr.) circuit books.
Circulo Filatelico Argentino: (Sp.) Argentine Philatelic Circle, inscription on issue of Argentina, UPU reported Aug. 18, 1997; not valid for postage.
Cirenaica: overprint on stamps of Italy, for Cyrenaica, Tripolitania, 1923; see Cyrenaica.
Ciruela: (Sp.) plum (color).
Ciskei: South Africa homeland state with territorial authority; 1981, Dec. 4: No.1, 5 cent multicolor, first stamps issued, 1994, Apr. 27: Ciskei dissolved as a separate administrative state; see South Africa.
Citizens Stamp Advisory Committee (CSAC): A group of independent citizens appointed by the Postmaster General to review the more than 40,000 suggestions for stamp subjects the Postal Service receives each year.
Citizens Stamp Advisory Committee (CSAC): a group of citizens, non USPS employees, appointed by the USPS to review the more than 40,000 suggestions for stamp subjects that the USPS receives each year.
Cito, Citissime, Volantissime: (Latin) “quickly, very quickly, very fleetingly” inscription on early Italian and Central European mail, urging speed; from the 15th century on; the number of “Cito’s” indicated the degree of urgency.
Citromsarga: (Hung.) lemon-yellow (color).
Citron: (Fr.) lemon (color).
Citrongul: (Dan.) lemon-yellow (color).
Citrongul: (Dan., Swed.) lemon-yellow (color).
Cittá del Vaticano: (It.) Vatican City.
City & Suburban Telegraph: issued telegraph stamps for firm’s own telegrams, New York,1855?.
City Delivery Co.: local parcel firm; used a label, year unknown.
City Despatch & Express: US local post handstamp, Baltimore, Md., 1850.
City Despatch Post: 1: US local post, New York, N.Y.; 1842-50; see Carriers’ Stamps. 2: US local post handstamp, New York, N.Y., 1848.
City Dispatch Post Office: US local post, New Orleans, La., 1847.
City Dispatch Post: US local post handstamp, Baltimore, Md., 1846-47.
City Dispatch: 1: US local post, New York, N.Y., 1846. 2: US local post, Philadelphia, Pa., 1860. 3: US local post, St. Louis, Mo., 1861.
City Express Post: US local post, Philadelphia, Pa., c. 1840s.
City Letter Express Mail: US local post, Newark, N.J., 1856.
City Mail Co.: US local post, New York, N.Y., 1845.
City One Cent Dispatch: US local post, Baltimore, Md., 1851.
City Parcel Clearing House: private parcel delivery firm served Toronto, Canada, used stamps.
City Penny Post: Great Britain, Ireland and North America 1765 Act permitted the establishment of “.a Penny Post Office.” in any town for local mail as thought convenient.
City Postal Service: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
City of Glasgow Union Railway: Scotland local post.
City of London Delivery: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
City of London Mail: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
City of London P. Auct.: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Ciudad Juarez: provisional, revolutionary, district of Mexico issued its own overprints, 1914.
Ciudad Real: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Ciudad Rodrigo: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Nationalist forces, 1937.
Ciudad del Vaticano: (Sp.) see Vatican City.
Ciudadaño: (Sp.) citizen, refers to inscription on mail from the Mexican period of colonial postal history.
Ciudadela: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Cividini Mark: originally used by a French stamp dealer as a guarantee; upon his death, another dealer bought the mark and used it on faked letters and stamps.
Civil Censorship: includes opening, reading or marking of mail emanating from or sent to civilians primarily during wartime or periods of unrest.
Civil Service Stamps: used on civil service mail in some countries.
Clair: (Fr.) light (color).
Clann Na l’Eireann: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Clapp & Son, Inc. Express: local firm serviced Boston, Mass. and Providence, R.I.; used a label.
Clapper Post: started in Vienna, Austria. Postmen sounded a clapper to notify the public they were available to accept mail; which they marked and delivered to branch post offices, April 1772.
Clarior e Tenebris: “Light out of darkness;” inscription on the stamps of Grenada.
Clark & Co.: 1: US local post, New York, N.Y., 1857. 2: Great Britain local post, 1866.
Clark & Hall: US local post, St. Louis, MO.,1851.
Clark & Phillips’ Express: local post serviced New York City area; used a label, year unknown.
Clark & Rushton’s Express: local post serviced Mass. used a label, year unknown.
Clark Match Co.: inscription on US match stamp; see Private Die Proprietary Stamps.
Clark, Frank E. (F.E.C.): inscription on US match stamp; see Private Die Proprietary Stamps.
Clark, Henry A.: inscription on US match stamp; see Private Die Proprietary Stamps.
Clark, Jas. A.: inscription on US match stamp; see Private Die Proprietary Stamps.
Clark, R.C & C.S.: US medicine stamp inscription; see Private Die Proprietary Stamps.
Clarke, Wm. E.: US medicine stamp inscription; see Private Die Proprietary Stamps.
Clarke’s Circular Express: US local post, New York, N.Y., printed matter, 1865-68(?).
Clark’s Special Delivery System: local parcel service, Seattle, Wash.; used stamps, late 1800s.
Claro: (Sp.) light (color).
Classeur: (Fr.) stockbook.
Classic: An early issue, with a connotation of rarity, although classic stamps are not necessarily rare. A particularly scarce recent item may be referred to as a modern classic.
Classic: the designation classic is applied to a stamp or cover, which because of its beauty of design, its age or rarity, is much sought after, generally only refers to stamps issued prior to 1900.
Classification Reform: On July 1, 1996, the Postal Service adjusted the domestic mail classification system to establish a simple, more consistent rate structure and to keep its products in line with the changing needs of the marketplace.
Classique: (Fr.) see Classic.
Clausland(ia): Christmas fantasy labels created by Maggie Kate.
Clavologique, Principality of: (Fr.) bogus labels of French origin.
Clay Banknote: the US 1870 12¢ National Bank Note stamp.
Clay Tablets: moist clay used to retain symbols and messages for transmission beginning around 3000 B.C. and continuing in some places to as late as the 1st century B.C.
Clayton’s Post: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Clean Cut Perforation: Perkins, Bacon and Co. perforating machine which cut holes cleanly, without bits of paper adhering.
Cleaned Plate: when a printing plate has been used for some time, it becomes clogged with ink resulting in a poor impression; after cleaning, the stamps printed from it are described as “from a cleaned plate.”
Cleaning: Soiled or stained stamps are sometimes cleaned with chemicals or by erasing. The cleaning is usually done to improve the appearance of a stamp. Sometimes it is done to make a used stamp appear unused. A cleaned stamp can also mean one from which a cancellation has been removed.
Cleaning: removal of foreign substance from a stamp.
Clear Grill: scam for a grilled stamp; if it’s a “clear” grill, it means that there is no grill.
Clear Zones: USPS term for area where barcodes can be placed on the front of mail pieces.
Clearing House Parcel Delivery Company: parcel firm serviced Boston, Mass., used stamps.
Cleator & Workington Junction Railway: British local post.
Clerk 51, 54, 55 and 56: identification of US railway mail clerks who canceled stamps on their routes, 1909-20.
Cleveland’s Harrow L.P.: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Cliché: end result of the process of applying a design into metal; individual identical units that are used to make up a printing plate, plate, image, block, photo, line cut, position.
Click Stamp: a postage imprint produced by Pitney Bowes.
Click-n-Ship: USPS service that allows individuals to print shipping labels and pay for postage online via a credit card.
Climatic: stamp paper that is liable to change color due to exposure to light, air or dampness.
Climax Dater: rubber date cancel used 1885-1935 in Great Britain at small postal facilities, original usage was in violet ink until 1911 when ink pads were changed to black ink.
Clinton’s Penny Post: US local post, Philadelphia, Pa.(?).
Clipper Postmark: incorrectly applied to an ocean mail mark used outbound from New York; shows a small grid between the “New” and “York” in the town mark.
Clipper: Pan-American Airways plane, flew many first flights on trans-oceanic routes.
Clipperton Island: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, southwest of Mexico; 18th century: named for John Clipperton, a pirate who headquartered on the island, 1855: annexed by France, 1876, Jan.1: joined the UPU with France, 1895, Apr. 4: inscription for Pacific Island local post, to frank mail between the island and the San Francisco, diagonal overprint on stamps of Mexico considered to be bogus. 1897: seized by Mexico, 1935: France took possession.
Clise: (Sp.) see Cliché.
Cliseele: (Rom.) illustrations.
Cloger Valley Railroad: Ireland local post.
Closed Mail: mail sent in a “closed” or sealed postal bag from one exchange office to another; rate differences ceased when prepaid international rate went into effect July 1, 1875.
Closed Transit Dispatches: sealed bags of international mail that travel through the USPS from one country to another country; bags are not opened for redistribution.
Closet Collector: a stamp collector unknown to other stamp collectors.
Closing of the Mail: time after which mail will not be accepted by a post office for dispatch on a specific train or ship.
Clothes-line Stamp: nickname for the US 1939 four state stamp, Scott No. 858, which looks as though the states are hanging from a clothes line.
Club Covers: covers produced by stamp clubs usually in connection with an exhibition.
Club Special Delivery: parcel firm; used a stamp.
Clube: (Port.) association, club.
Cluj: city in Transylvania, once part of Hungary, taken by Romania WWII, stamps issued in 1919 during Romanian occupation after WWI defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, aka Kolozsvar.
Cluster Box: a centralized unit of individually locked compartments for the delivery of mail.
Clyde Post: United Kingdom postal strike; local post, 1971.
Co-Extensive line: British Jubilee line broken into short lengths, see Jubilee Line.
Co-operative Delivery Service: local parcel firm serviced unknown area; used a stamp.
Co. Ci: (It.) Commissariato Civile, Civil Commissioner, overprint on stamps of Yugoslavia for Ljubljana, Italian occupation, 1941.
Co. Nazionaldi Liberazione: local Italian liberation issue, c1944.
Coach, Mail: the word “coach” was taken from Kocs, Hungary, where the first light coach was developed in the 15th century, first as a means of public transport, then used to carry mail.
Coamo: provisional issue inscription for Coamo, Puerto Rico, US administration, Aug.1898.
Coarse Perforation: perforation consisting of large holes and teeth far apart, irregularly spaced.
Coated Paper: paper with a slick enameled, or chalk surface.
Coating: a protective surface applied to a printing plate, also known as facing.
Cobalto: (It., Sp.) cobalt blue (color).
Cobrar: (Sp.) to collect (cash or a fee).
Cocentaina: city in Spain, Spanish Civil War local post, Republican forces, 1937.
Coche Correo: (Sp.) mail coach.
Cochin China: Cambodian Peninsula, state of French Indo-China; Currency: 100 centimes = 1 franc 1862, first stamps of France used in French colony, 1863-67: occupied by France, 1886-87: No. 1, 5c on 25c yellow, surcharge on French Colonies, obliteration, lozenges of dots, 1888: issue prepared but never issued, 1889: stamps of French Indo-China used.
Cochin, Travancore: see Travancore, Cochin. |
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